经典易错题会诊
命题角度l
非渭语动词的类别和句法功能
1. (典型例题精选 ) I think you' 11 grow him when you know him better.
A. liking B. to be like
C. to like D. to be liking
[考场错解] A
[专家把脉] 动词grow有“达到做某事的程度或地步”的含义，后面常接不定式。按照句意应该是“喜欢上他”的动词like而不是“像他”的介词like。
[对症下药] C
2. (典型例题精选) It' s necessary to be prepared for a job interview. the answers ready will be of great help.
A. To have had B. Having had
C. Have D. Having
[考场错解]A或B
[专家把脉] 根据语境选用非谓语动词来充当主语。动名词做主语表示一般的行为动作，而不定式做主语则表示具体的。动名词一般式所表示的动作与谓语所表示的动作同时发生或是在谓语动词所表示的动作之后发生。如果动名词的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前．则用动名词的完成式。显然，这里不符合完成式的含义。
[对症下药] D
3. (典型例题精选 ) Oil prices have risen by 32 per cent since the start of the year, a record US $ 57.65 a barrel on April 4.
A. have reached B. reaching
C. to reach D. to be reaching
[考场错解] C
[专家把脉] 本题考查现在分词作结果状语的用法。．现在分词作结果状语是表示自然而然的现象；不定式作结果状语是表示出乎意料的现象，因油价从年初已开始上升．四月份时已达到了记录。因此应用现在分词作状语。
[对症下药] B
4. (典型例题精选 cousin came to see me from the country. me a full basket of fresh fruits.
A. brought B. bringing
C. to bring D. had brought
[考场错解] A
[专家把脉] 本题考查现在分词做状语的用法。分词与主动词没有先后之分，为伴随状语。
[对症下药] B
5. (典型例题精选 There have been several new events to the program for the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games.
A. add B. to add
C. adding D. added
[考场错解] B
[专家把脉] 本题考查过去分词短语做定语的用法，过去分词作定语有被动的含义。
[对症下药] D
6. (典型例题精选Five people won the "China' s Green Figure" award, a title to ordinary people their con tributions to environmental protection.
A. being given B. is given
C. given D. was given
[考场错解] B
[专家把脉] 本题考查过去分词做定语的用法，同时考查了对句子结构的理解。a tifle是the“Chlna’s Green Figure”award的同位语，动词gi’ve与title是被动关系。因此本题应选C。
[对症下药] C
7. (典型例题精选on' t sit there __ nothing. Come and help me with this table.
A. do B. to do
C. doing D. and doing
[考场错解] B
[专家把脉] 现在分词做伴随状语，表示与动词sit同时发生。
[对症下药] C
专家会诊
非谓语动词句法功能的注意事项：
◆不定式
1．介词后的动词不定式只限于作介词except和but的宾语，此时except/but意为“除了，除去”。其主要搭配有：
cannot help(choose)but+动词原形：……不能不……
do nothing but+动词原形：只做…
There is nothingto do but+动词原形：……只有做……
have no choice but to do：只有做……
如：
The last bus having gone，I coulddonothingbut go home on foot。(省略 to)
I cannot choose lint tell him the truth．(省略to)
She could do nothing but leave．(省略抛)
I have no choice but to cry．(不能省略to)
2．不定式作定语与所修饰的名词之间存在着逻辑上的主谓关系或动宾关系。如果作定语的不定式是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是其动作的地点、工具等，不定式后须有相应的。介词。但名词way除外。如：
He is not a man to tell lies．(主谓关系)
The boy has a nice pen to write with．
We found a way to solve this problem(in)．
通常使用不定式作定语的情况有：(1)不定式表示将来；(2)用来修饰被序数词、最高级或no， all，any等限定词的中心词。(3)用来修饰一些抽象名词，常见的有：ability，disability，chance，idea， fact，eXCUSe，promise，answer，reply，attempt，be her，way，reason，time等。如：During my holiday I burrowed some books to read．(表将来)
She Was the first woman to Will the gold medal in the 0lvmpic Games．(有序数词修饰)
I have no chance to escape．(修饰抽象名词)
Do you havethe abilityto read French?(修饰抽象名词)
3．不定式作状语时可以表示目的、原因、结果。表示目的时可用in order to，so as to换用。如：
He sat down to have a rest．(表目的)
He woke up to find everybody gone．(表结果)
I’m very pleased to hear from him．(表原因，主要是表示喜、怒、哀、乐)
He Was too excited to say a word．(表程度)
He is old enough to go to school．(表程度)
◆过去分词、不定式和现在分词的被动式作定语的区别：
这三种形式作定语，主要是体现在动作发生的时间上的区别。过去分词表示的动作或是在谓语所表示的动作之前或是没有一定的时间性；现在分词的被动式作定语时表示的动作正在发生或是与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生；不定式的被动式作定语时，表示一个未来的动作。如：
The bridge to be built is named Stone in honor of the hero．(将要修建的)
The bridgebeingbuiltis named Stone in honor of the hero．(正在修建的)
The bridge built is named Stone in honor of the hero．(已经修建了的)"
Have you read the novel written by Dickens?(在谓语之前)
He is a teacher loved and respected by all students．(没有时间性) Listen!The song sung is very popular with the young men．(表正在)
The questiontion to be discussed at the Sunday meet ing is very important．(表将来)
在英语中，表示“感觉状态”的动词现在分词和过去分词形式作表语和定语时，现在分词表示“令人感到……”，指主语或被修饰的词给人的感觉；过去分词表示“感到……”，指主语或被修饰的词本身的感觉。如：
interesting令人感兴趣的：interested感到有兴趣的
exciting令人感到激动的；excited感到激动的
shocking令人感到震惊的；shocked感到震惊的
◆过去分词、不定式和现在分词作宾语补足语的区别：
1．感官动词(see，look at，watch，notice，obselwe，hear，listen to，feel)和使役动词(have，lel， make)后的宾补有三种形式，即原形动词(不带to的不定式)，现在分词和过去分词。现在分词表示主动和正在进行，过去分词表示被动完成，不定式表示主动和完成。注意：make不能接现在分词作宾补。如：
l heard her sing a Chinese song jut now．(表示主动，完成)
I heard her singing a Chinese song when I passed her room last night．(表示正在进行)
I heard the Chinese song sung many times．(表示被动)
The captain got/have the soldiers moving to- ward the front after a shon rest．(不能用make)
注意：不及物动词的过去分词作宾补表示完成和状态。如：
I looked down at my neck and found my necklace gone．(表示状态)
I Was surprised to find my hometown chanoed a lot．(表示完成)
2．动词leave后接三种形式作宾补时，表达的具体含义是“使……处于某种状态”。如： lt is wrong for you to leave the machine run- ning．(主动，正在进行)
The guests left most of the dishes untouched。(被动，完成)
My workmate left,leaving me to do all the rest work．(主动，将来)
My workmate left．1eaving all the rest work to be done．(被动，将来)
◆过去分词和现在分词作状语的区别：
1．一般来说，过去分词表示被动完成的动作，现在分词表示主动进行的动作。如：
Seen from a distance the mountain looked like a man．
Seeing the mountain，he always thinks of his hometown．
2．现在分词的被动一般式表示正在进行的被动动作，过去分词表示被动完成的动作。如： Being belped by the teacher，she will leam English well．
HelPed by the teacher, she has learned English well.
3．现在分词的被动完成式表示先于谓语动词发生的动作，过去分词所表示的动作，有时发生在谓语动词之前，有时与谓语动词同时发生，有时表示未来的被动动作或状态。如：
Having been used for a long time, the watch needs to be mended.
Used in this way, the word shouldn' t be taken as a verb.
Given more time, we will finish the work peffectly.
◆垂悬分词作状语
垂悬分词是现在分词一种特殊用法，其逻辑主语是句子非主语部分中指人或物的某一名词或代词，或泛指“我们”。如：
Searehing along the street， it had taken him a long time to find a clinie．(searching的逻辑主语是句中him所指的人)
Walking or sleeping，this subjeet is always in my mind．(walking or sleeping的逻辑主语是句中my所指的“我”)
Using the eleetric energy，it is necessary to change its form．(using的逻辑主语泛指“我们”)
考场思维训练
1 When last valuable, those books enjoyed great Success.
A. finding B. found
C. being found D. to be found
1．B解析：相当于when last the books were found valuable。
2 How pleased the detective was what his customer told him !
A. hearing B. to hear
C. heard D. to hearing
2．B解析：be pleased to do sth．
3 —I'll thank you my affairs alone.
—I will. It is none of my business.
A. to have left B. for leaving
C. to leave D. for having left
3．c解析：这里不是thank you for(doing)sth．结构，是谢谢的前提。
命题角度2
非谓语动词的时态和语态
1. (典型例题精选 ) —Is Bob still performing?
—I' m afraid not. He is said the stage already as he has become an official.
A. to have left B. to leave
C. to have been left D. to be left
[考场错解]C或B
[专家把脉] 从句意判断，动作leave后有already修饰，应当用完成式；其逻辑主语是he，不存在被动，故选项 A最佳。
[对症下药] A
2. (典型例题精选) in the mountains for a week, the two students were finally saved by the local police.
A. Having lost B. Lost C．Being lost D．Losing
[考场错解] A
[专家把脉] 受到for a week的影响，考生容易误选 A。这里非谓语动词的逻辑主语是the two students，而 lose是及物动词，应当用被动来表示，或是lose oneself结构。选项A如果改成Having been lost也是正确答案。
[对症下药] B
3. (典型例题精选 ) I send you 100 dollars today, the rest in a year.
A. follows B. followed
C. to follow D. being followed
[考场错解] A
[专家把脉] 本题很容易误选A，把它当作谓语动词。句意是“今天我送你100美元，其余的等一年之后”，相当于定语从句which will follow it的省略。这里动词follow是指“某事在时间或空间上在其他事物之后”的含义。
[对症下药] C
4. (典型例题精选Police are now searching for a woman who is reported to __ since the flood hit the area last Friday.
A. have been missing B. have got lost
C. be missing D. get lost
[考场错解] B
[专家把脉] 由since引出的短语可判定用不定式的完成结构，由句意知，“还没有找到那位妇女”，故应用完成进行结构，选A。
[对症下药] A
5. (典型例题精选) from other continents for millions of years, Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other county in the world.
A. Being separated
B. Having separated
C. Having been separated
D. To be separated
[考场错解]A或B
[专家把脉] 从题意看，澳大利亚与其他大陆分开有很多年了，动作发生在谓语动作之前，又是被动关系，用现在分词的完成被动式是最合适的.
[对症下药] C
6. (典型例题精选 AIDS is said the biggest health challenge to both men and women in that area over the past few years.
A. that it is B. to be
C. that it has been D. to have been
[考场错解] B
[专家把脉] 本题考查的句型结构中，常用不定式，由句中over the past few years可知，不定式表示的动作先于主句动作，因此选不定式的完成时形式，D项正确。
[对症下药] D
7. (典型例题精选 The Chinese are proud of the 29th Olympic Games in Beijing in 2008.
A. hold B. holding
C. held D. to be held
[考场错解] A
[专家把脉] 从题意看，the 29th Olymple Games还没举办，又是被动关系，选D。
[对症下药] D
专家会诊
1动词不定式的时态和语态
当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者时，一般使用不定式的被动语态，形式有一般式和完成式(进行式没有被动式)。如： Her father disappeared，never to be heard from again．(hearfrom和his father之间是被动关系) rhe book is said to have been translated into many languages．(translate和the book之间是被动关系)
注意：不定式中使用主动代替被动的情况： ．
(1)不定式与所修饰的名词或代词构成逻辑上的主谓关系时，往往用主动形式。如：
I haven’t got a key to unlock the door．(to unlock the door的逻辑主语是a key)
(2)不定式与所修饰的名词或代词构成逻辑上的动宾关系，又和主语构成主谓关系时，不定式往往用主动形式。如：
I haven’t got a book to read．(I为不定式的逻辑主语，a book为不定式的逻辑宾语)
(3)不定式作表语形容词的状语，和句中的主语构成了逻辑上的动宾关系，不定式多用主动，实际上形容词后省略了for one或for people。如：The book is difficult (for me) to understand. He is hard (for me) to work with.
(4)在there be结构中，如果考虑必须有人去完成某事时，用主动；如果强调事情本身必须完成时，用被动。如： There is a 10t of work to be done．(工作被做) There is a 10t ofwork to do．(需要人去做)
2，动名词的时态和语态
动名词一般式所表示的动作与谓语所表示的动作同时发生或是在谓语动词所表示的动作之后发生。如果动名词的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前，则用动名词的完成式。如果动名词的逻辑主语是动名词动作的承受者，这时用动名词的被动式。如： We are interested in—playing—chess．(同时) She is looking forward to hearing from you again．(之后) l’m sorry for n—ot havi—ng kept my promise．(之前) The little boy was afraid of being left at home alone．(被动) The house showed no sign of having been dam- aged．(之前，被动)
考场思维训练
1There is no doubt that hiking is good for the retired couple, but it remains whether they will enjoy it.
A. to see B. seeing
C. to be seen D. seen
1．c解析：不定式和逻辑主语是被动关系。
2 in 1963, and in Philadelphia, Charles Petti grew so impressed his teachers that he was sent to Barklee School to study Jazz.
A. Being born; having raised
B. Born ; raised
C. Was born; was raised
D. Born ; raising
2．B解析：没有强调时间的先后。
3 —I regret you John has been fired.
—I can hardly believe my ears. He is such a fine work er,
A. telling B. having told
C. to tell D. to have told
3．c解析：在谓语动作之后发生。
命题角度3
非谓语动词的固定搭配
1. ( 典型例题精选 ) —What should ! do with this passage?
—__ the main idea of each paragraph.
A. Finding out B. Found out
C. Find out D. To find out
[考场错解] D
[专家把脉] 如果理解成表示目的的不定式就会误选D。根据语境是回答对方的问题“做什么”，回答时，这里用祈使语气。
[对症下药] C
2. (典型例题精选 ) When asked by the police, he said that heremember at the party, but not
A. to arrive ; leaving B. to arrive; to leave
C. arriving; leaving D. arriving; to leave
[考场错解] B
[专家把脉]forget/remember/regret to do忘"/L/'~L住/后悔去做某事；forget/remember/regret doing忘记/记得/后悔已经做过某事。根据语境，动作已发生，应用动名词，同时but后要和前文保持一致。
[对症下药] C
3. (典型例题精选) He got well-prepared for the job interview, for he couldn' t risk the good opportunity.
A. to lose B. losing
C. to be lost D. being lost
[考场错解] D
[专家把脉] 本题考查特殊动词后只能跟动名词作宾语的用法。常见的这类动词有，delay，enjoy，escape， finish，i’magi’ne，miss，mind，practice，risk等。本题中由于he与lose之间为主谓关系，所以不能用被动语态。
[对症下药] B
4． (典型例题精选The parents suggested in thehotel room but there kids were anxious to camp out during the trip. A. sleep B. to sleep C. sleeping D. having slept
[考场错解] B
[专家把脉] suggest表示建议时后面跟动名词作宾语。
[对症下药] C
5. (典型例题精选 can't stand with Jane in the same office. She just refuses __ talking while she works.
A. working ; stopping B. to work ; stopping C. working ; to stop D. to work ; to stop
[考场错解] D
[专家把脉]can’t stand后跟动名词作宾语，refuse后跟不定式作宾语。
[对症下药] C
专家会诊
英语中非谓语动词的固定搭配是因词而定，没有固定的规律。考生只有牢记它们的形式，才能成功破题。
1．下列动词或动词短语后面只接动名词作宾语：
admit, allow, appreciate, avoid ， consider ( 考虑 ) , delay, dislike, enjoy, escape, excuse, finish, imagine, keep, mind, miss ( 错过 ) , practice, risk, resist, suggest, suffer 等动词 ;
be used to ( 习惯于 ) , insist on, can' t help ( 情不自禁 ) , can' t stand ( 无法忍受 ) , give up, feel like, keep on, look forward to， put off, devote to, stick to, object to, thank you for, be busy ( in), get down to, lead to, see to, have difficult / trouble(in) , have a good / wonderful / hard time (in) 等动词词组。
2．下列动词或动词短语后面能接动名词或不定式作宾语，但意义上有区别：
forget/remember/regret to do忘记/记住/后悔去做某事
forget/remember/regret doing忘记/记得/后悔已经做过某事
stop to do停下来接着做另一件事；stop doing停止做一件事
mean to do意欲、企图做某事；mean doing意味着做某事
go onto do做完某事接着做另一件事；go on do_ ing继续做同一件事
try to do努力、试图做某事：try doing尝试着做某事
3．有些短语作状语是固定结构：
judging from, generally/frankly/honestly/strict- ly speaking, considering ( that )... ( 考虑到…… ) , supposing / providing ( that)... ( 假如…… ) , seeing( that)... ( 既然，由于…… ) , to tell you the truth, to make things worse,to begin with(首先，第一) 。始:
Judging from his accent， be must be a southerner.
Turning to the left， he saw a bus passing.
Considering everything， he did a good job.
Seeing (that) she is lawfully old enough to get married， I don't see how you can stop her.
考场思维训练
1I lost my way in complete darkness and, matters worse, it began to rain.
A. made B. having made
C. making D. to make
1．D解析：to make maRe~worse是固定搭配，意为“情况更糟糕的是”。
2The result was not made until last Sunday.
A. to know B. knowing
C. known D. to be known
2．c解析：改成主动句"They didn’t make the result known untillast Sunday”即知是分词充当宾补。
3When he got off the bus, he found his pocket .
A. stolen B. picked
C. gone D. missing
3．B解析：pick one’s pocket意为“扒某人口袋”，这里是have sth．done句型。
命题角度4
非谓语动词逻辑主语的表is形式和否定形式
1. (典型例题精选徽)I really can't understand her like that.
A. you treat B. you to treat
C. why treat D. you treating
[考场错解]A或B
[专家把脉] 本题题干相当于I really can’t understand why you treated her like that．而understand不能用于under- stand sb．to do st’h．结构中。这里用动名词形式，you是其逻辑主语。
[对症下药] D
2. (典型例题精选 Ⅲ) While watching television,
A. the doorbell rang
B. the doorbell rings
C. we heard the doorbell ring
D. we heard the doorbell rang
[考场错解] B
[专家把脉] 本题考查分词短语的逆向使用。因题干用了watching。由此可知该句主语为人，可排除A、B。又因hear为感官动词，其后用动词原形作宾补，所以本题选C。
[对症下药] C
3. (典型例题精选When different cultures, we of ten pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities.
A. compared B. being compared
C. comparing D. having compared
[考场错解] A
[专家把脉] 本题考查现在分词短语作状语，其逻辑主语与主句主语一致并且同时发生。
[对症下药] C
4. (典型例题精选Faced with a bill for $ 10,000, __
A. John has taken an extra job
B. the boss has given John an extra job
C. an extra job has been taken
D. an extra job has been given to John
[考场错解] D
[专家把脉] 分词短语做状语，其逻辑主语应与主句主语保持一致。本句意为John面临万元账单，因而找了一份额外工作。
[对症下药] A
专家会诊
非谓语动词的逻辑主语也就是非谓语动词的动作执行者。在不定式中，逻辑主语是of或for的介词宾语，或是句子的主语，或是句子的宾语。如：
It is important for us to work hard. ( to work is important, 只能用 for)
It is kind of you to help me to clean the room.(you are kind, 只能用 of)
We want to go with you to have a picnic.
Little Tom liked to be taken to the cinema.
I want the report to be typed as quickly as possi-. ble.
The manager asked me to type the report as quickly as possible.
动名词的复合结构在句中作主语时，其逻辑主语必须是形容词性物主代词或名词的所有格；作宾语、表语时，其逻辑主语是形容词性物主代词、人称代词、名词的所有格或普通格；无生命名词或有生命的名词表示泛指时，必须用名词的普通格或人称代词的宾格。如：
Tom's coming surprised all of us. (主语)
His not attending the meeting made the manager very angry. ( 主语 )
Would you mind me / my opening the window?(宾语)
They all thought Tom' s / Tom going there a great mistake. (宾语)
Is there any hope of their team winning the game？（无生命 )
I have never heard of women landing the moon.(有生命，但表泛指)
分词作状语时，其逻辑主语和主句的主语是一致的，如果不同则要用到独立主格结构形式：逻辑主语(名词或代词)+分词.如：
Being a student, you must study hard.
When crossing the street, you must be careful.
If heated to high temperature, ice can change in to water.
Winter having come, it ' s getting colder and colder.
考场思维训练
1 A remote-controlled bomb explored outside a hotel yes terday, at least 12 people.
A. having been injured B. having injured
C. injuring D. injured
1．c解析：分词的逻辑主语是前面那件事。
2 in the USA, Louis has now become the 24th largest city.
A. Being the fourth biggest city
B. Once the forth biggest city
C. It was once the forth biggest city
D. The forth biggest city it was
2．B解析：用分词作状语时要考虑逻辑主语的一致性。
3 a reply, he decided to write again.
A. Not receiving B. Receiving not
C. Not having received D. Having not received
3．c解析：不定式和动名词的否定是对整体的否定，所以否定词在之前。
探究开放题解答
综合问题l
非谓语动词和谓语动词的选择
1. in a white uniform, he looks more like a cook than a doctor.
A. Dressed B. To dress
C. Dressing D. Having dressed
[解题思路] 非谓语动词所暗含的主语是he，相当于状语从句When he is dressed in a white uniform，因此填系表结构dressed．
[解答] A
2. The storm left, a lot of damage to this area.
A. caused B. to have caused
C. to cause D. having caused
[解题思路] 非谓语动词的动作发生在left之前，并且有明显的后果，是完成式；和逻辑主语之间是主动关系，故用现在分词的完成式。
[解答] D
3. I' ve never seen anyone run so fast David go.
A. just watch B. just to watch
C. just watching D. just having watched
[解题思路]根据破折号以及j‘ust的用法可知，题干是祈使句的形式。
[解答] A
4. —English has a large vocabulary, hasn't it?
—Yes. more words and expressions and you will find it easier to read and communicate.
A. Know B. Knowing
C. To know D. Known
[解题思路] 结构为“祈使句+and+陈述句”。
[解答] A
5. Suddenly, a tall man driving a golden carriage the gift and took her away, into the woods.
A. seizing.., disappeared
B. seized.., disappeared
C. seizing.., disappearing
D. seized.., disappearing
[解题思路] 由and连接两个或两个以上的并列结构时形式上要一致，即seized the girl and took her away要一致，所以先排除A和C。后面的动词应用非谓语动词形式出现表示结果。
[解答] D
规律总结
判定非谓语动词与谓语动词的关键在于正确分析句子结构，先找出句子的主语，然后看句子是否有谓语，如果有谓语则考虑非谓语的选择，再考虑非谓语动词与主语之问的逻辑关系，如果是主动关系则选用现在分词，如果是被动关系则选用过去分词，同时还要注意句子中的标点符号与连词。
考场思维训练
1 If the project by the end of this year is delayed, the construction will be fined.
A. to be completed B. is completed
C. being completing D. completed
1．A解析：这里是非谓语动词。不定式作定语表示将来。
2—We do hope we can be of some help, doctor.
—That's great! blood if you can and many lives will be saved.
A. Give B. To give C. Giving D. Given
2．A解析：“祈使句+and+陈述句”结构。
3How many of us , say, a meeting that is not important to us would be interested in the discussion.
A. attended B. attending
C. to attend D. have attended
3．B解析：would be interested in是谓语，所以用非谓语形式，不是尚未发生的动作，排除C。
考点高分解题综合训练
I．单项选择
1 (典型例题精选I ) The storm left, a lot of damage to this area.
A. caused B. to have caused
C. to cause D. having caused
1．D 解析：该句为分词短语作结果状语，cause和句中the storm为主动关系，排除A。选项B、C中的不定式常用作目的状语，或料想不到的结果状语，排除B、C，故选D。
2 ( 典型例题精选Ⅲ ) "You can' t catch me ! "Janet shouted, away.
A. run B. runing C. to run D. ran
2．B解析：考查现在分词作伴随状语。run与shout为同时发出的动作且均由Janet发出，所以用现在分词。
3 ( 典型例题精选) It was unbelievable that the fans waited outside the gym for three hours just a look at the sports stars.
A. had B. having C. to have D. have
3．c解析：根据上下文逻辑空格处表示目的，用to do不定式表目的。
4 (典型例题精选 )At last, we found ourselves in a pleasant park with trees provding shade and down to eat our picnic lunch.
A. sitting B. having at C. to sit D. sat
4．D解析：本题注意分析句子结构，found ourselves in a pleas．ant park构成find+宾语+宾补结构，with trees providing shade是独立主格结构作定语，修饰park，由and连接并列sat与found一起作句子谓语。。
5 ( 典型例题精选 ) into use in April 2000, the hotline has meant for residents reporting water and heating sup ply breakdowns.
A. Put B. Putting C. Having put D. Being put
5．A解析：主语the hofline与“put into use”之间构成被动关系，所以用过去分词表被动，相当于After the hofline Was put into use in April 2000．
6 (典型例题精选 ) more about university courses, call ( 920 ) 746 - 3789.
A. To find out B. Finding out
C. Find out D. Having found out
6．A解析：该句中逗号后的call为祈使句的动词排除c。“要了解更多关于大学的课程”，需不定式作目的状语，故选A。
7 (典型例题精选 ) in a white uniform, he looks more like a cook than a doctor.
A. Dressed B. To dress
C. Dressing D. Having dressed
7．A解析：dress及物动词，be dressed in“穿着……”该句中用 dressed表示状态，故选A。
8 (典型例题精选 ) I don' t want like I' m speaking ill of anybody, but the manager' s plan is unfair.
A. to sound B. to be sounded
C. sounding D. to have sounded
8．A解析：want to do sth．为习惯搭配形式，而且sound在该句中为连系动词不能用于被动语态。
9 (典型例题精选)I couldn't do my homework with all that noise .
A. going on B. goes on
C. went on D. to go on
9．A解析：本题考查复合结构在句中作伴随状语的用法。“with+n．+doing/done/介词短语”为固定结构。noise与go on之间为主动关系，宾语补足语要用现在分词，故选A。
10 (典型例题精选) and no way to reduce her pain and suffering from the terrible disease, the patient sought her doctor' s help to end her life.
A. Having given up hope of cure
B. With no hope for cure
C. There being hope for cure
D. In the hope of cure
10．B解析：选项A、C语法结构正确，但和句中的no way不一致，排除A、C。选D语意不通，排除D。with介词短语在句中作状语，故选B。
11 (典型例题精选 ) The manager, it clear to us that he didn' t agree with us, left the meeting room.
A. who has made B. having made
C. made D. making
11．B解析：由两个动作发生的顺序可知，应用完成时态；A、D两项时态不正确，c项表被动不合适，故选B。
12 (典型例题精选 )All these gifts must be mailed immedi ately in time for Christmas.
A. in order to have received
B. in order to receive
C. so as to be received
D. so as to receive
12．C解析：所有的礼物应立即寄出去，当然是为了使它们及时被收到。“in order to”和“so as to”都表目的，但“re．ceive”和“矛R”之间应是被动关系，所以so as to be received对。注意：表目的时so as to不能放在句首，inorder to可以，这一点应记住。同时还应记住in order，so that引导的状语从句的用法。
13 (典型例题精选)Daddy didn't mind what we were doing, as long as we were together, fun.
A. had B. have C. to have D. having
13．D解析：句意，父亲并不介意我们正在干什么，只要我们在一起玩得高兴就行。由句中were可知A、B不对。c项表示即将发生，D项为现在分词表示伴随情况。
14 (典型例题精选) He hurried to the station only that the train had left.
A. to have found B. finding
C. found D. to find
14．D解析：only to do sth．表示“结果却……”表示出乎意料的结果。用动词不定式作结果状语。
15 (典型例题精选) More and more people are signing up for Yoga classes nowadays, advantage of the health and relaxation benefits.
A. taking B. taken
C. having taken D. having been taken
15．A解析：本题考查非谓语动词在句中作状语的用法。由上下文句意来看该句应该用现在分词短语作状语，因为没有明确的时间先后关系，所以不能用完成时态。
16 (典型例题精选A good story does not necessarily have to have a happy ending, but the reader must not be left .
A. unsatisfied B. unsatisfying
C. to be unsatisfying D. being unsatisfied
16．A解析：unsatisfied在句中补充说明主语the reader．
17 ( 典型例题精选 Don' t respond to any e - mails __ __personal information, no matter how official they look.
A. searching B. asking
C. requesting D. questioning
17．c解析：分词短语在句中作定语，request与e-mails为主动关系，故选C。
18 (典型例题精选r. Green stood up in defence of the 16 -year- old bey, saying that he was not the one .
A. blamed B. blaming
C. to blame D. to be blamed
18．c解析：本题考查be to blame应负责任，to blame作定语，可补充为who Was to blame。因此答案选C。
19 (典型例题精选It remains whether Jim will be fit enough to play in the finals.
A. seen B. to be seen
C. seeing D. to see
19．B解析：B选项在句子中做表语，与句子主语之间为被动关系，因此应用不定式的被动形式。
20 (典型例题精选The wild flowers looked like a soft or ange blanket the desert.
A. covering B. coverod C. cover D. to cover
20．A解析：分词短语作定语，与blanket为主动关系。
21 (典型例题精选As the twentieth century came to a close, the raw matenals for a great nstional literature were at hand, waiting_ .
A. to use B. to be used
C. to have used D. to be using
21．B解析：不定式表达的动作与其逻辑上的主语为被动关系，因此应选B。
22 (典型例题精选 He hurried to the booking office only __ that all the tickets had been sold out.
A. to tell B. to be told
C. telling D. told
22．B解析：only+不定式表示结果，句子主语和告诉之间又为被动关系，因此选B。
23 There was a terrible noise the sudden bursts of light.
A. followed B. following
C. to be followed D. being followed
23．B解析：后置定语following与noise逻辑上是主谓关系。
24 football on the playground, the boys felt very happy.
A. Leaving playing B. Left to play
C. Left playing D. To leave playing
24．C解析：相当于状语从句because the boys were left playing football on the playground。
25Rather than for help from someone else, how ever difficult the task is, I prefer completing it by my self.
A. to ask B. asking
C. ask D. to have asked
25．B解析：考查结构“prefer doing sth．rather than doing sth．”的用法。
26 Which do you enjoy your spare time, playing cards at home or taking a walk in the park?
A. spending B. to spend
C. having spent D. to have spent
26．B解析：这里表示enjoy doing st}1．而不定式表示目的。
27—My son failed to be accepted by the firm after the in- terview.
—Now that he wasn' t well prepared, he might as well .
A. not try B. not to have tried
C. not have tried D. not to try
27．C解析：might as well do sth．表示“做某事倒也无妨”，try的动作先于谓语动词的动作，用完成式。
28New ideas sometimes have to wait for years before
A. being fully accepted
B. fully accepted
C．fully accepting
D．fully being accepting
28．A解析：动名词的被动式作介词before的宾语，副词fully的位置在中间。
29I must apologize for ahead of time．
A．1etting you not to know
B．not letting you know
C．1etting you know not
D．1etting you not know
29．B解析：动名词短语的否定，所以not在letting之前。
30TO read aloud the English text before breakfast seemedto me a rule ．
A．to never break
B．never to be breaking
C．never to have broken
D．never to be broken
30．D解析：a rule never to be broken意为“从未被打破的习惯。”
Ⅱ．完形填空
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从31—50各题所给的四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Not so long ago, if you avoided drinking water during a workout, you were considered tough. Today, most experts
31 , you would be considered unintelligent.
Even if you don' t sweat much or feel 32 and even if there is a nice breeze, 33 experts say drinking water — or something 34 is essential before, during and after all warmer - weather 35 Only a few years ago, many coaches 36 players from drinking anything during the game they thought it was 37 for them to rinse their mouths, 38 swallowing anything might slow them down.
Now, there' s 39 plenty of water on the sidelines for athletes to drink. The National Hockey League even
40 goalkeepers to put water bottles on top of their nets.
These new practices 41 be lost on the recreational athlete. Some 42 advise you do drink about two cups of water 15 minutes or so after you 43 exercising and the same amount every 15 minutes. In some types of exercise- running, for example—others encourage drinking a cup or two of water 44 the workout.
Don't drink any more, experts say too much fluid makes 45 and exercise uncomfortable. In 46 con- tinuous hot - weather exercise, 47 can sweat and breathe away 1.8 kilograms of 48 an hour.
Drinking water does two things: restore some 49 and allows you to keep sweating so the skin can be kept 50 Doctors say drinking six or eight cups a day can help digestion.
31. A. discover B. suggest C. agree D. fear
32. A. thirsty B. hungry C. hot D. tired
33. A. labor B. children C. water D. exercise
34. A. else B. instead C. fresh D. tasteful
35. A. seasons B. lessons C. days D. activities
36. A. excused B. discouragedC. prevented D. saved
37. A. possible B. unnecessaryC. difficult D. right
38. A. but B. then C. therefore D. though
39. A. seldom B. forever C. usually D. sometimes
40. A. allows B. promises C. forbids D. guides
41A. couldn' t B. wouldn' t C. shouldn' t D. mustn' t
42. A. teachers B. parents C. players D. doctors
43. A. stop B. start C. give up D. begin with
44. A. after B. before C. with D. from
45. A. walking B. breathing C. swallowing D. drinking
46. A. heavy B. easy C. pleasant D. everyday
47. A. a patient B. a drinker C. an athlete D. an expert
48. A. air B. atmosphere C. oxygen D. water
49. A. sweat B. weight C. breath D. height
50. A. warm B. strong C. cool D. safe
31．c解析：与上一句的consider相呼应，阐述前后两种不同的观点与看法。
32．A解析：四个选项中“感觉口渴”与喝水的关系最密切，最直接。
33．D解析：文中讲述饮水与运动的关系，这种观念提出人应当是医生或运动专家。
34．B解析：or something为固定短语，意思是or something like that，如果用something else，意思太广。用instead，“或别的类似的东西来代替”。
35．D解析：体育运动与饮水的关系。
36．B解析：prevent sb．from doing stll．表示“阻止/不让某人 做”，而另一选项discourage在此更佳，它的动作仅停留在口头上，劝说某人不做。
37．D解析：本句意思是“漱漱口，保持口腔湿润是可以的。”
38．A解析：与上句联系起来，“漱漱口就可以了，但如果喝水则会使运动员的速度慢下来。”
39．c解析：现如今随着观念转变“通常”的做法。
40．A解析：根据上下文的意思“允许他们这么做。”
41．c解析：对仅仅是做消遣运动的运动员来说，这些新的举措也应该保持。
42．D
43．B
44．C解析：“伴随整个训练的始终”。
45．B解析：喝太多的水会令你“呼吸不畅，运动困难”。 ．
46．A解析：“在炎热天气中进行的延续不断的运动”当然是 heavy(繁重的)。
47．c解析：四个选项中只有athlete与运动有关。
48．D解析：汗水被挥发掉。
49．B解析：喝水不会增加你的身高(height)、呼吸或汗水 (sweat)，只会增加体重。
50．c解析：常识，不断地出汗，皮肤表面就能保持湿润而且凉爽。
Ⅲ．短文改错
此题要求改正所给短文中的错误。对标有题号的每一行做出判断；如无错误，在该行右边横线上打(√)；如有错误(每行只有一个错误)，则按下列情况改正：
该行多一个词：把多余的词用斜线(＼)划掉，在该行
右边横线上写出该词，也用斜线划掉。
该行缺一个词：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，在该行右边横线上写出该加的词。
该行错一个词：在错的词下画一横线，在该行右边横线上写出改正后的词。
注意：原行没有错的不要改。
Dear Peter,
Thanks very much for invite me to your birthday
51.
party on Sunday. I' d like very much come but 52.
I had an examination on Monday morning. It is 53.
a very important exam but I can't afford to 54.
fail it. I'll spend all the whole weekend reading 55.
and prepare for it. So I' m really sorry that 56.
I won' t be able to come in this time. I hope you 57.
can understand. I' 11 take this chance to wish 58.
you wonderful time on your birthday. Happy 59.
birthday , Peter, and many happy return of the day ! 60.
yours,
Li Ming
5 1．invite改为inviting 52．come前加to 53．had改为have 54．but改为and 55．去掉all 56．prepare改为preparing
57．去掉in 58．正确59．wonderful前加a 60．return改为returns
考点小资料
非谓语动词作宾语补足语
一、非谓语动词作宾语补足语
1．感官动词后的宾补可以是doing，do，done，being done的结构，其中being done只用于少数动词后面，如 find，smell，feel等。
2．have somebody do something让某人做某事
have somebody doing something让某人一直做某事
won’t have somebody do something不许某人做某事
have something done使某事被做
have something doing让……一直做……
3．catch，smell，keep，set等只能接doing的结构，表示主动和正在进行。
4．1eave somebody doing something让某人一直做某事
leave something undone使某事只做了一半
leave something to be done事情有待于解决
leave somebody to do something让某人做某事，表示将来
5．with somebody to do something宾补与宾语是主谓关系，表示将来。
with somebody doing something宾补与宾语之间是主谓关系，表示正在进行。
with something to do宾补与宾语间是动宾关系，表示将来，动作执行者在句中找得到。
with something to be done宾补与宾语是动宾关系，表示将来，但动作执行者在句中找不到。
with something done宾补与宾语之间是动宾关系，表示完成。
二、注意want/need/require表示“需要”时后接主动的动名词或被动的不定式，即doing或to be done的形式。不可混淆。
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