X8U2 1.differ vi.不同;相异→different adj.不同的→difference n.不同,差异 4.undertake vt.着手;从事;承担→undertook(过去式)→undertaken(过去分词) 6.cast vt.扔;投;掷→cast/cast(过去式/过去分词) 7.object vi.反对;不赞成→objection n.不赞成;反对;异议→objective adj.真实的;客观的;无偏见的 8.obtain vt.获得;赢得 9.attain vt.获得;达到(水平、年龄、状况等) 10.forbid vt.禁止;不准→forbade(过去式)→forbidden (过去分词) 11.accumulate vt.积累;聚积 12.owe vt.欠(账、钱、人情等);归功于…… 13.retire vi.退休;离开→retirement n.退休 14.bother vt.打扰 vi.操心 n.烦扰 15.strike vi. & vt.打;撞击;罢工→struck/struck (过去式/过去分词) 17.resist vt.抵抗;对抗→resistance n.抵抗;对抗→resistant adj. 20.adore vt.崇拜;爱慕;喜爱 1.differ vi. 不同;相异 different adj. 不同的;有区别的;相异的 difference n. 不同;不同之处 differ from... 不同于…… differ in... 在……方面不同 differ with/from sb. on/about sth. 与某人关于……意见不同 be different from 与……不同 make a/some/no difference to sb./sth. 对某人/某物有/有些/没有影响或作用 difference between A and B A和B之间的差别 [即学即练1](1)Men are all alike in their promises. It is only in their deeds that they ______. 人在许诺时都一样,不同之处在于他们的行动。 (2)I have to ____________ you ______ that. 在那一点上我不能同意你的看法。 (3)The rain didn‘t _______________________ the game.这场雨对比赛没有多大影响。 Differ//differ with on//make much difference to 2.undertake vt. 着手,从事,承担;承诺,答应 undertaking n. 任务,事业;承诺,答应 undertake a task/project 承担一个任务/项目 undertake to do sth. 答应做某事 undertake for sth. 为……负责 [即学即练2](1)The company has announced that it will _____________ a full investigation ______ the accident. 公司已宣布将对这次事故进行全面调查。 (2)He __________________ the job by Friday. 他答应星期五之前完成这项工作。 (3)I’ll __________________ your security. 我将保证你的安全。 Undertake into//undertook to finish//undertake for 3.cast vt.&vi. (cast, cast) 投掷;投射;抛 cast aside 抛弃,消除,废除 cast away 抛弃,丢掉,使(船)漂流,(船)失事 cast behind 疏远;把……抛在脑后 cast down 使沮丧/不愉快 cast off 丢弃 cast one‘s eyes over 审视 cast one’s mind back to sth. 回顾,回想 cast light on/upon=throw light upon 弄清楚 [即学即练3](1)Don‘t be so ____________. Just keep up your spirits.不要这么沮丧,打起精神来! (2)As soon as they reached the fishing area, the fishermen ______ their nets ______ the sea. 渔民们一到捕鱼区就把渔网撒进了大海。 cast down//cast into (3)As soon as he became rich he ____________ all his old friends who gave him some help. 他一富起来就抛弃了所有曾经给过他帮助的老朋友。 cast aside 4.object vi. 反对,不赞成 n. 实物;目的;对象 objection n. 反对;厌恶 object to sb./sth. 反对,不赞成某人/某事 object to doing sth. 反对做某事 object to sb. doing sth. 反对某人做某事 raise an objection to (doing) sth. 对……提出异议 have/make an objection to (doing) sth. 对……表示反对 [即学即练4](1)I ____________ the proposal. 我反对这个提议。 (2)We _______________________ like this. 我们抗议这种待遇。 (3)I feel ________________________ getting up early. 我极不愿意早起。 object to///object to being treated//a strong objection to 5.obtain vt. 获得,取得;买到;借到 [即学即练5](1)I haven‘t been able to _________________ anywhere. 我到处都没买到那本书。 (2)He failed to __________________. 他没有获得奖学金。 obtain that book //obtain a scholarship (3)Details can be _________________ the Ministry of Education.可以从教育部获知详情。 obtained from 6.forbid vt. (forbade/forbad, forbidden) 禁止;反对 forbid sb. to do sth. 禁止某人做某事 forbid doing sth. 禁止做某事 forbid that... 禁止……(从句中常用“should+动词原形”) forbid sb. sth. 禁止某人某事 [即学即练6](1)Our school ______________________________.我们学校不允许学生吸烟。 (2)Smoking should __________________ public places. 公共场所应该禁止吸烟。 forbids students to smoke //be forbidden in  (3)His parents __________________. 他的父母不准他喝酒。 forbid him wine 提示:forbid 后不能直接跟动词不定式做宾语,而是跟动名词做宾语,也可用forbid sb. to do sth. 形式,有类似用法的单词还有 allow, permit, advise 等。 7.owe vt.欠(钱、物、债等);应当给予 (1)owe sb. sth.或owe sth. to sb.欠某人某物  owe...to... 把……归功于……  owe it to sb. that...多亏某人帮忙 (2)owing to=because of“因为,由于”,后接名词、  代词、动名词做宾语,构成介词短语,表原因。 [即学即练7](1)Don’t forget you still ______ 150 yuan to the wine shop.别忘了,你还欠酒店150元钱呢。 (2)He ______ his success to hard work and practice. 他把他的成功归功于努力工作和实践。 owe  //owes (3)If I have improved in any way, I ______ it all to my teacher.如果说我有一些进步,这应该全部归功于我的老师。 (4)You ______ me an apology. 你得向我道歉。 (5)We should do the duty which we ______ to our country.我们应对国家尽我们应尽的义务。 Owe//owe//owe (6)I ______ it to you that I finished my work in time. 多亏你帮忙,我才及时完成了工作。 (7)_________ to the rain, they could not come. 由于下雨,他们不能来了。 Owe//Owing 8.bother vt. 打扰vi. 操心n. 烦扰;令人烦恼的事或人 bother with/about sth. 花费时间或精力(做某事) bother sb. about/with sth. 使某人烦恼,不安 It bothers sb. that.../to do sth. 使某人苦恼的是…… bother to do/doing sth. 操心做某事 [即学即练8](1)Don't _________ Mary while she's reading. 玛丽读书的时候不要打扰她。 (2)I don't want to _________ you ______ my problems. 我不想让你因为我的问题而烦心。 (3)Don't ____________________ that trifling matter. 别为那件小事烦恼。 bother bother with bother about 9.strike vt. & vi.打,撞击,冲击,罢工,打动,划燃,侵袭,突然想起 n.罢工,打击 be struck with(by)为……所侵袭; 为……所触动(感动) It strikes me that...我觉得……;我的印象是…… strike a match划火柴 strike on/upon打在……上;撞到……上 be on strike举行罢工 go on strike实行罢工 [即学即练9](1)The workers ____________/____________ because they wanted more money. 工人们在罢工,因为他们要求增加工资。 (2)When the clock ____________, the strike started. 当钟敲响了五点,罢工开始了。 were striking //on strike //struck five (3)The match ____________ because of the moisture of the air.由于空气潮湿,火柴划不着。 (4)________________________ none of them trusts each other.他们当中没有一个人信赖对方这使我震惊。 won’t strike //It strikes me that (5)Great damage has been caused by the tornado which ______ the area last week. 上周侵袭这一地区的龙卷风造成了巨大的损失。 struck 10.resist v.忍住;顶住;抵御;反抗 resistance n. 反抗 resistant adj. 抵抗的;耐……的 resist sth. 抵制、阻挡某事 resist doing sth. 反对做某事 can‘t resist doing sth. 忍不住做某事 be resistant to 对……有抵抗力 [即学即练10](1)The river banks could not ________________________. 河堤抵不住水压。 (2)A healthy diet should help your body ___________. 健康饮食有助于身体抵抗感染。 (3)I could hardly ____________. 我忍不住笑了起来。 resist the water pressure//resist infection//resist laughing 11.pay off 得到好结果;取得成功;还清 pay money for sth. 付钱买…… pay for sth. 买…… pay back 还钱,报复 pay out 付出大笔款项;放松 pay up 付清欠款 [即学即练11](1)They ____________ their debt after ten years.十年后他们还清了债务。 (2)Two hundred workers have __________________. 200名工人已被结清工资了。 (3)They took a hell of a risk but it ____________. 他们冒了很大的风险,但事情成功了。 paid off//been paid off//paid off 1.bother/disturb/trouble/annoy 这组词都表示“使人不得安宁”或“心烦意乱”。 (1)bother指干扰别人的正常生活和工作而使之不太安宁,可能是故意的,含有使人讨厌的意味。 (2)disturb指使人失去正常秩序而一时得不到安宁,精力不能集中,语气比bother弱。 (3)trouble常指在心情上失去平静而感到忧虑、苦恼或行动上带来不便,也常用于礼貌的请求。 (4)annoy通常指重复性的行为使(别人)生气。常用被动,表示为某事烦恼、生气。 [应用1] (1)I don’t want to _________ you ______ my problems.我不想让你因为我的问题而担心。 (2)What’s ___________ you-money problems? 什么事令你忧虑不安——经济问题吗? (3)These flies are ___________ me. 这些苍蝇一直在烦我。 Bother with//troubling//annoying  (4)They were charged with ______________ public peace. 他们被指控扰乱社会治安。 disturbing 2. obtain/earn/gain/get/win (1)obtain应用范围较广,含有“如期地达到目的或得到所希望的东西”之意,多用于正式场合。 (2)earn表示经过艰苦努力而得到报酬,或得到了理应享有的某种待遇,其宾语多为金钱、荣誉等。 (3)gain指通过斗争、竞争或付出劳动而获得某种优势或达到某种目的。其宾语通常是经验、优势、利益、好处等。 (4)get最常用,可指主动去“获得,得到”,也可能是被迫“接受”,有时指不一定需要主动性或付出很大努力就能得到。 (5)win多指在竞赛中“获得,赢得”,有时也用于指在战争中“获得”胜利,宾语通常是比赛、战斗、战争等。 [应用2] (1)She ______ rich experience in teaching. 她获得了丰富的教学经验。 (2)She ______ a bad cold yesterday.她昨天得了重感冒。 (3)They ______ the basketball match. 他们打赢了这场篮球赛。 Gained//got//won (4)We wished to ______ the firsthand information. 我们希望得到第一手情报。 (5)He ______800 yuan of wages a month. 他月薪八百元。 (6)This custom still __________in some districts. 这种风俗在某些地区仍然流行。 Obtain//earns//obtains 3. strike/hit/beat/knock 这四个词均有“打”的意思。 (1)strike 通常表示“打一下、打若干下”,不一定都是有意的;还有“打动,使……着迷,某种想法突然闪现在脑海里”的含义;也可指“打、擦出(火),(蛇、兽)抓、咬,(钟)敲响”。 (2)hit 指“打中”“对准……来打”“敲打或打击对方的某一点”,还可用来表示传染病或自然灾害“袭击”某一地区,而其他动词一般不这样用。作“被……想起”讲时,与 strike 同义。 (3)beat 侧重“连续地打击”,如殴打或体罚;也指在游戏、竞赛或战争中击败对方;也指“心跳”。 (4)knock 侧重于“敲打,叩击”,常用做不及物动词,通常与 at 连用。 [应用3] 用 hit, strike, beat, knock 的适当形式填空 (1)His heart ______ violently. (2)In 2009, H1N1 ______ China. (3)I was ______ by her youth and enthusiasm. (4)Please ______ at the door before entering. Beats//hit//struck//knock (5)______ while the iron is hot. (6)Happily, we heard our team ______ the Japanese team. (7)The stone ______ him on the head. Strike//beat//hit

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