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1.differ vi.不同;相异→different adj.不同的→difference n.不同,差异4.undertake vt.着手;从事;承担→undertook(过去式)→undertaken(过去分词)
6.cast vt.扔;投;掷→cast/cast(过去式/过去分词)7.object vi.反对;不赞成→objection n.不赞成;反对;异议→objective adj.真实的;客观的;无偏见的8.obtain vt.获得;赢得9.attain vt.获得;达到(水平、年龄、状况等)
10.forbid vt.禁止;不准→forbade(过去式)→forbidden (过去分词)11.accumulate vt.积累;聚积12.owe vt.欠(账、钱、人情等);归功于……13.retire vi.退休;离开→retirement n.退休14.bother vt.打扰 vi.操心 n.烦扰
15.strike vi. & vt.打;撞击;罢工→struck/struck (过去式/过去分词)17.resist vt.抵抗;对抗→resistance n.抵抗;对抗→resistant adj.20.adore vt.崇拜;爱慕;喜爱
1.differ vi. 不同;相异different adj. 不同的;有区别的;相异的difference n. 不同;不同之处
differ from... 不同于……differ in... 在……方面不同differ with/from sb. on/about sth.与某人关于……意见不同be different from 与……不同make a/some/no difference to sb./sth.
对某人/某物有/有些/没有影响或作用difference between A and BA和B之间的差别
[即学即练1](1)Men are all alike in their promises. It is only in their deeds that they ______.人在许诺时都一样,不同之处在于他们的行动。(2)I have to ____________ you ______ that.在那一点上我不能同意你的看法。(3)The rain didn‘t _______________________ the game.这场雨对比赛没有多大影响。
Differ//differ with on//make much difference to
2.undertake vt. 着手,从事,承担;承诺,答应undertaking n. 任务,事业;承诺,答应undertake a task/project 承担一个任务/项目undertake to do sth. 答应做某事undertake for sth. 为……负责
[即学即练2](1)The company has announced that it will _____________ a full investigation ______ the accident.公司已宣布将对这次事故进行全面调查。(2)He __________________ the job by Friday.他答应星期五之前完成这项工作。(3)I’ll __________________ your security. 我将保证你的安全。
Undertake into//undertook to finish//undertake for
3.cast vt.&vi. (cast, cast) 投掷;投射;抛cast aside 抛弃,消除,废除cast away 抛弃,丢掉,使(船)漂流,(船)失事cast behind 疏远;把……抛在脑后cast down 使沮丧/不愉快cast off 丢弃cast one‘s eyes over 审视cast one’s mind back to sth. 回顾,回想cast light on/upon=throw light upon 弄清楚
[即学即练3](1)Don‘t be so ____________. Just keep up your spirits.不要这么沮丧,打起精神来!(2)As soon as they reached the fishing area, the fishermen ______ their nets ______ the sea.渔民们一到捕鱼区就把渔网撒进了大海。
cast down//cast into
(3)As soon as he became rich he ____________ all his old friends who gave him some help.他一富起来就抛弃了所有曾经给过他帮助的老朋友。
cast aside
4.object vi. 反对,不赞成 n. 实物;目的;对象objection n. 反对;厌恶object to sb./sth. 反对,不赞成某人/某事object to doing sth. 反对做某事object to sb. doing sth. 反对某人做某事raise an objection to (doing) sth. 对……提出异议have/make an objection to (doing) sth. 对……表示反对
[即学即练4](1)I ____________ the proposal. 我反对这个提议。(2)We _______________________ like this.我们抗议这种待遇。(3)I feel ________________________ getting up early.我极不愿意早起。
object to///object to being treated//a strong objection to
5.obtain vt. 获得,取得;买到;借到[即学即练5](1)I haven‘t been able to _________________ anywhere.我到处都没买到那本书。(2)He failed to __________________.他没有获得奖学金。
obtain that book //obtain a scholarship
(3)Details can be _________________ the Ministry of Education.可以从教育部获知详情。
obtained from
6.forbid vt. (forbade/forbad, forbidden) 禁止;反对forbid sb. to do sth. 禁止某人做某事forbid doing sth. 禁止做某事forbid that... 禁止……(从句中常用“should+动词原形”)forbid sb. sth. 禁止某人某事
[即学即练6](1)Our school ______________________________.我们学校不允许学生吸烟。(2)Smoking should __________________ public places.公共场所应该禁止吸烟。
forbids students to smoke //be forbidden in
(3)His parents __________________.他的父母不准他喝酒。
forbid him wine
提示:forbid 后不能直接跟动词不定式做宾语,而是跟动名词做宾语,也可用forbid sb. to do sth. 形式,有类似用法的单词还有 allow, permit, advise 等。
7.owe vt.欠(钱、物、债等);应当给予(1)owe sb. sth.或owe sth. to sb.欠某人某物 owe...to... 把……归功于…… owe it to sb. that...多亏某人帮忙(2)owing to=because of“因为,由于”,后接名词、 代词、动名词做宾语,构成介词短语,表原因。
[即学即练7](1)Don’t forget you still ______ 150 yuan to the wine shop.别忘了,你还欠酒店150元钱呢。(2)He ______ his success to hard work and practice.他把他的成功归功于努力工作和实践。
owe //owes
(3)If I have improved in any way, I ______ it all to my teacher.如果说我有一些进步,这应该全部归功于我的老师。(4)You ______ me an apology.你得向我道歉。(5)We should do the duty which we ______ to our country.我们应对国家尽我们应尽的义务。
Owe//owe//owe
(6)I ______ it to you that I finished my work in time.多亏你帮忙,我才及时完成了工作。(7)_________ to the rain, they could not come.由于下雨,他们不能来了。
Owe//Owing
8.bother vt. 打扰vi. 操心n. 烦扰;令人烦恼的事或人bother with/about sth. 花费时间或精力(做某事)bother sb. about/with sth. 使某人烦恼,不安It bothers sb. that.../to do sth. 使某人苦恼的是……bother to do/doing sth. 操心做某事
[即学即练8](1)Don't _________ Mary while she's reading.玛丽读书的时候不要打扰她。(2)I don't want to _________ you ______ my problems.我不想让你因为我的问题而烦心。(3)Don't ____________________ that trifling matter.别为那件小事烦恼。
bother
bother
with
bother about
9.strike vt. & vi.打,撞击,冲击,罢工,打动,划燃,侵袭,突然想起 n.罢工,打击be struck with(by)为……所侵袭;为……所触动(感动)It strikes me that...我觉得……;我的印象是……strike a match划火柴strike on/upon打在……上;撞到……上be on strike举行罢工go on strike实行罢工
[即学即练9](1)The workers ____________/____________ because they wanted more money.工人们在罢工,因为他们要求增加工资。(2)When the clock ____________, the strike started.当钟敲响了五点,罢工开始了。
were striking //on strike //struck five
(3)The match ____________ because of the moisture of the air.由于空气潮湿,火柴划不着。(4)________________________ none of them trusts each other.他们当中没有一个人信赖对方这使我震惊。
won’t strike //It strikes me that
(5)Great damage has been caused by the tornado which ______ the area last week.上周侵袭这一地区的龙卷风造成了巨大的损失。
struck
10.resist v.忍住;顶住;抵御;反抗resistance n. 反抗resistant adj. 抵抗的;耐……的resist sth. 抵制、阻挡某事resist doing sth. 反对做某事can‘t resist doing sth. 忍不住做某事be resistant to 对……有抵抗力
[即学即练10](1)The river banks could not ________________________.河堤抵不住水压。(2)A healthy diet should help your body ___________.健康饮食有助于身体抵抗感染。(3)I could hardly ____________.我忍不住笑了起来。
resist the water pressure//resist infection//resist laughing
11.pay off 得到好结果;取得成功;还清pay money for sth. 付钱买……pay for sth. 买……pay back 还钱,报复pay out 付出大笔款项;放松pay up 付清欠款
[即学即练11](1)They ____________ their debt after ten years.十年后他们还清了债务。(2)Two hundred workers have __________________.200名工人已被结清工资了。(3)They took a hell of a risk but it ____________.他们冒了很大的风险,但事情成功了。
paid off//been paid off//paid off
1.bother/disturb/trouble/annoy这组词都表示“使人不得安宁”或“心烦意乱”。(1)bother指干扰别人的正常生活和工作而使之不太安宁,可能是故意的,含有使人讨厌的意味。(2)disturb指使人失去正常秩序而一时得不到安宁,精力不能集中,语气比bother弱。
(3)trouble常指在心情上失去平静而感到忧虑、苦恼或行动上带来不便,也常用于礼貌的请求。(4)annoy通常指重复性的行为使(别人)生气。常用被动,表示为某事烦恼、生气。
[应用1] (1)I don’t want to _________ you ______ my problems.我不想让你因为我的问题而担心。(2)What’s ___________ you-money problems?什么事令你忧虑不安——经济问题吗?(3)These flies are ___________ me.这些苍蝇一直在烦我。
Bother with//troubling//annoying
(4)They were charged with ______________ public peace.他们被指控扰乱社会治安。
disturbing
2. obtain/earn/gain/get/win(1)obtain应用范围较广,含有“如期地达到目的或得到所希望的东西”之意,多用于正式场合。(2)earn表示经过艰苦努力而得到报酬,或得到了理应享有的某种待遇,其宾语多为金钱、荣誉等。
(3)gain指通过斗争、竞争或付出劳动而获得某种优势或达到某种目的。其宾语通常是经验、优势、利益、好处等。(4)get最常用,可指主动去“获得,得到”,也可能是被迫“接受”,有时指不一定需要主动性或付出很大努力就能得到。(5)win多指在竞赛中“获得,赢得”,有时也用于指在战争中“获得”胜利,宾语通常是比赛、战斗、战争等。
[应用2] (1)She ______ rich experience in teaching.她获得了丰富的教学经验。(2)She ______ a bad cold yesterday.她昨天得了重感冒。(3)They ______ the basketball match.他们打赢了这场篮球赛。
Gained//got//won
(4)We wished to ______ the firsthand information.我们希望得到第一手情报。(5)He ______800 yuan of wages a month.他月薪八百元。(6)This custom still __________in some districts.这种风俗在某些地区仍然流行。
Obtain//earns//obtains
3. strike/hit/beat/knock这四个词均有“打”的意思。(1)strike 通常表示“打一下、打若干下”,不一定都是有意的;还有“打动,使……着迷,某种想法突然闪现在脑海里”的含义;也可指“打、擦出(火),(蛇、兽)抓、咬,(钟)敲响”。
(2)hit 指“打中”“对准……来打”“敲打或打击对方的某一点”,还可用来表示传染病或自然灾害“袭击”某一地区,而其他动词一般不这样用。作“被……想起”讲时,与 strike 同义。(3)beat 侧重“连续地打击”,如殴打或体罚;也指在游戏、竞赛或战争中击败对方;也指“心跳”。(4)knock 侧重于“敲打,叩击”,常用做不及物动词,通常与 at 连用。
[应用3] 用 hit, strike, beat, knock 的适当形式填空(1)His heart ______ violently.(2)In 2009, H1N1 ______ China.(3)I was ______ by her youth and enthusiasm.(4)Please ______ at the door before entering.
Beats//hit//struck//knock
(5)______ while the iron is hot.(6)Happily, we heard our team ______ the Japanese team.(7)The stone ______ him on the head.
Strike//beat//hit
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