X6U2
1．convey vt.传达；运送 6．tease vi. & vt.取笑；招惹；戏弄 9．transform vi. & vt.转化；转换；改造；变换→transformation n．转化 1．convey vt. 传达；运送；传播 conveyor (er) n. 运送者，传达者；运输设备 convey sb./sth. from...to... 把某人/某物从……运 送到…… convey sth. to sb. 向某人传达/表达(思想、感情等)
[即学即练1](1)Pipes ______ hot water ______ the boiler ______ the radiators. 管道把热水从锅炉输送到散热器里。 (2)Words can‘t ______ how delighted I was. 言辞无法表达我内心的喜悦。 (3)Please ______ my good wishes ______ your mother. 请向您母亲转达的美好祝愿。
Convey from to//convey//convey to
2．transform vt.&vi. 改变，转变，改造，使改观 transformation n. (外观或性质的)改变，变革 transform A into B 使A变成B be transformed from A to B 从A变到B transform into 转化成，改观为
[即学即练2](1)The photochemical reactions __________ the light ______ electrical impulses. 光化学反应使光变为电脉冲。 (2)The company has ______ __________ ______ a family business ______ a multi million pound operation. 这家公司已由一个家庭企业变成拥有数百万英镑的运作机构。 (3)Let’s ____________ the old educational system.让我们改革旧的教育制度。
Transform into//been transformed from into//transform
提示：trans 是前缀，意为“转移，变化”。如：transport 运输，运送 transfer 转移，调往 transmit 传导，输送，播送 translate 翻译
6．take it easy/take things easy 别紧张，从容，松懈，不急 take it/things easy 告诉别人不要紧张(指在心理上 “别紧张，别着急”，相当于 Don‘t be nervous.) take one’s time (Don‘t hurry.) “别着急”，告诉别人 不要着急。(意味着时间还早、没必要匆忙。) take sb./sth. seriously 认真对待某人/某事 take...for granted 认为……理所当然
[即学即练6](1)There is nothing serious; you can ______ ______ ______. 没什么严重的事，你不要紧张。 (2)Now, no use getting nervous. Tom, ______ ______ ______.汤姆，不要过于紧张，现在着急是没用的。 (3)There's no need to rush back—just ______ ______ ______.不用急着赶回来——慢慢来吧。
Take it easy//take it easy//take your time
7．run out of 用完；用光 Sb. runs out of sth. 某人用光某物。 Sth. is run out of. 某物被用光。 Sth. is running out. 某物快用光了。 Sb. uses up sth. 某人用光某物。 Sth. is used up. 某物快被用光。 Sb. runs short of sth. 某人快用光某物了。 Sth. runs short. 某物快用完了。 Sb./Sth. gives out. 某人精疲力尽/某物用完。
[即学即练7](1)Tom had ______ ______ ______ money and he had to write a letter asking his father to send him some by post.汤姆用完了钱，不得不写信让父亲汇些来。 (2)Food in the flooded area ______ ______ fast since more and more people became homeless. 由于愈来愈多的人无家可归，洪灾区的食品很快就用完了。 (3)His strength ______ ______ after he ran that long distance.跑完那么长一段距离，他已筋疲力竭。 (4)They have ______ ______ their money. 他们已经把钱花光了。
run out of//ran out//gave out//used up
8．make up of(多用于被动结构)构成 make up 组成；编造；化妆；补偿 make up for 弥补 make out 听出，看出，辨认出 be made of/from 由……制成 be made out of 由……制成；用……改制而成 be made into 把……做成…… be made in (某物)产于某地
[即学即练8](1)Are all animal bodies ______ ______ ______ cells? 所有动物的身体都是由细胞组成的吗？ (2)Nothing can ______ ______ ______ the death of so many people. 什么也弥补不了这么多人的死亡。 (3)Books ______ ______ ______ paper, while paper ______ ______ ______ wood. 书是由纸做成的；而纸是由木头做的。
Made up of//make up for//are made of//is made from
9．let out发出；放走 let sth. out泄露(秘密等)；发出(叫喊等)；放 宽；放大(衣服等)；让……跑掉 let sb. out放……出去，释放 let sb. down让某人失望 let sb./sth.in让某人/某物进来 let alone更不用说
[即学即练9](1)Don’t ______ ______ ______ about my losing job.别把我丢了工作一事泄露出去。 (2)He’s getting so fat that his trousers have to ______ ______ ______ round the waist. 他越来越胖，裤腰都得放宽了。 (3)The baby can’t even crawl yet, ______ ______ walk.这孩子连爬都不会，更不用说走了。
let it out//be let out//letalone
transform/change/convert/shift/transfer 这五个词都含有“改变”的意思。 (1)transform强调完全改变某事或人的外观或特征。 (2)change着重强调与以前不一样，是最常用的单词。 (3)convert是由一种形式或作用转变成为另一种形式或作用。 (4)shift含有轻易变动之意，一般用于改变位置或方向，或出于不正当动机把罪过嫁祸给他人。 (5)transfer意为“移交，转移”，强调从一处转移到另一处。
[应用1] (1)______ coal to/into pipeline gas. 将煤转化为管道气。 (2)He ______ the chair closer to the bed. 他把椅子向床移近。 (3)Please have my luggage ___________ to the railway station.请把我的行李转到火车站去。
Convert//shifted//transferred
(4)The Greens have ____________ their garage into a guest house.格林家把他们的车库改成了客房。 (5)The weather is _____________ for better/worse. 天气正在变好/坏。
Transformed//changing
X6U3
4．ban vt.禁止；取缔 n．禁令；谴责 7．accustom vt.使习惯于→accustomed adj.惯常的；习惯了的 10．quit vt.停止(做某事)；离开 12．strengthen vt.加强；巩固；使坚强 vi.变强→strength n．力气→strong adj.强壮的
1．abuse vt. & n．滥用；虐待 [即学即练1](1)Don’t ______ ______ __________. 不要滥用你的特权。 (2)The farmer often ______ ______ ______. 这位农夫经常虐待他的妻子。
abuse your privilege//abused his wife
(3)You shouldn’t ________ ______ ______. 你不应该过度使用你的眼睛。 (4)I don’t understand why I should put up with this kind of ______ ______ ______. 我不明白我为什么要忍受她这样辱骂我。
Abuse your eyes//abuse from her
4．accustom vt. 使习惯于，使适应 accustomed adj. 通常的，习惯的 be accustomed (used) to (doing) sth.习惯于(表状态) become/get accustomed (＝used) to (doing) sth. 习惯于(表动作) accustom oneself/sb. to (doing) sth. 使自己/某人习惯于……
[即学即练4](1)Painting barns red is an _________ practice. 仓房刷成红色是一种习俗。 (2)He has ______ _________ ______ the way the teacher gives lectures. 他已经习惯了那个老师的讲课方式。 (3)You must __________ __________ ______ the new environment.你必须使自己适应新环境。
Accustomed//become accustomed to//accustom yourself to
5．quit vt.&vi. 停止(做某事)；离开；戒掉 adj. 摆脱(难题等)的 quit doing sth. 放弃干某事，停止干某事 quit office/school 离职/退学 be quit of sb./sth. 摆脱……
[即学即练5](1)I ______ _________ years ago. 我几年前就戒酒了。 (2)I made up my mind ______ ______.我已决定辞职了。 (3)He was glad to ______ ______ ______ the troublesome job.他很高兴能摆脱那个麻烦的工作。
quit drinking//to quit//be quit of
9．take risks/a risk冒险 run (take) a risk/risks 冒险 run (take) the risk of doing sth. 冒着……的风险/危险 at risk (＝in danger)处于危险中 at the risk of doing sth. 可能导致(不快等)，冒……危险 at all risks 无论冒……危险 risk one's health/life 以健康做赌注/冒着生命危险 risk doing 冒险做……
[即学即练9](1)You are ________ ______ ______ ______ in trusting him.信任他无异于冒险。 (2)He decided to get there even ______ ______ ______ ______ his life.他决定去那里，即使有生命危险。 (3)They ________ _________ everything. 他们冒着失去一切的风险。
Taking a big risk//at the risk of//risked losing
(4)Any man who smokes cigarettes is _________ ______ ______. 吸烟的人是拿健康去冒险。
risking his health
10．get into 陷入；染上(习惯)；开始对……感兴趣 get into trouble 陷入麻烦 get into the habit of... 染上……的习惯 get into panic 陷入恐慌 get (sth.) across (to sb.) (使某事为人)理解 get along/on with 进展；相处
ge away (from) 脱离…… get back 回来；返回 get around/about 四处走动 get over 克服；解决；控制 get through 接通；完成
[即学即练10](1)How did you ______ ______ ______？ 你是怎么染上毒品的？ (2)I haven‘t really ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ yet.我还未真正熟悉我的新工作。 (3)I ______ ______ _____________ with an Italian student. 我与一位意大利学生谈了起来。
get into drugs//got into my new job//got into conversation
X6U4
2．subscribe vi.同意；捐赠；订阅 vt.(签署)文件；捐助 4．tend vi.趋向；易于；照顾 vt.照顾；护理→tendency n．倾向；趋势 6．oppose vt.反对；反抗；与(某人)较量→opposed adj.反对的；对立的
8．state vt.陈述；说明→statement n．说明 10．glance vi.看一下；扫视 n．一瞥 15．refresh vt.使恢复；使振作 2．tend vi.趋向；易于；照顾 vt. 照顾；护理 tendency n．倾向；趋势 tend to do sth.往往容易干某事 tend towards/to倾向于；趋于…… tend sb./sth.照顾，护理某人/某物
[即学即练2](1)The sort of music he listens to varies, but ______ _________ popular music. 他听的音乐形形色色，不过倾向于流行音乐。 (2)She ______ ______ get angry when people oppose to her plan.别人反对她的计划时，她很容易生气。
tends towards//tends to
(3)The nurse skillfully ______ their wounds. 那位护士熟练地为他们包扎伤口。
tended
3．oppose vt.反对；反抗；与(某人)较量 opposed adj.相反的；对立的 oppose sth./doing sth./sb. doing sth. 反对某事/做某事/某人做某事 oppose sth. to/against sth. 使某事物与另一事物对照或对抗 be opposed to...反对……；与……对立
[即学即练3](1)He _________ the proposal to build a new hall.他反对修建新礼堂的建议。 (2)Do not ______ your will _________ mine. 不要用你的意愿和我的相抗衡。 (3)She seems very much ______ ______ your going abroad.她好像很反对你出国。
Opposed//oppose against//opposed to
4．state vt.陈述；说明 n．状况；政府；国家；州 in a．..state处于……状态中 in a bad/good state处于良好(差)状况中 state＋n./thatclause/whclause阐明……
[即学即练4](1)She was ______ ______ ________ ______ when we arrived.我们到达时，她情绪很不好。 (2)He is ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ health. 他的健康状况不好。 (3)The witness ______ that he had not seen the woman before.该证人说他以前从未见过那个女人。
In a terrible state//in a poor state of//stated
(4)She gave away ______ ________ to the enemy. 她把国家的机密泄露给了敌人。 (5)Please ______ ______ ______ as they are. 请如实地陈述事实。
State secrets//state the facts
6．glance vi. 一瞥，扫视，匆匆一看 n. 一瞥，扫视，掠过，闪光 glance at/about/around/round/up/down... 向……看 at a glance 立刻，一眼，(只)看一眼 at first glance 乍一看 give/take/shoot/throw a glance (at)．.. 看一眼…… glance off 擦过，掠过
[即学即练6](1)He ________ nervously ______ his watch. 他紧张不安地看了一下表。 (2)______ ______ ______ the place seemed deserted. 乍一看，这地方似乎被废弃了。 (3)He ______ her ______ ______ ______ as she walked into the room.她走进房间时，他朝她瞥了一眼。
Glanced at//At first glance//gave a quick glance
(4)The bullet _________ ______ the side of the car. 子弹从汽车边上擦过。
Glanced off
8．come about 发生；造成；(风、船等)转向 How does it come about that...? ……是怎样发生的？ It comes about like this... 事情是这样发生的…… come across 偶遇；碰到 come along 进展；进行 come out 公开；问世；出版；被发行
come round 恢复知觉；苏醒过来 come to 涉及；共计；达到 come up with 提出 come up 上来；被提出；发芽
[即学即练8](1)Can you tell me ______ the accident ______ ______？ 你能告诉我事故是怎样发生的吗？ (2)______ ______ ______ ______ ______ that he knew where we were? 他是怎样知道我们在什么地方的呢？
About how came about//How did it come
提示：come about, happen, take place和 break out 这四个表示“发生”的词语，都是不及物动词， 不可用于被动语态。
10．keep on 继续 keep on doing＝go on doing＝continue doing/to do 继续做…… keep sb./sth. doing sth. 让某人/某物一直做某事 keep sb./sth. from doing sth. 阻止某人/某物做某事 keep down 控制，压制 keep up保持，维持；继续 keep up with 跟上，不落在……后面
keep away 避开，离开，使不靠近 keep back 隐瞒(某事)，阻止 keep off 让开，不接近 keep out of... 置身于……之外 keep together 聚在一起，协调一致 keep...in mind 记住…… keep in touch with... 与……保持联系
提示：keep doing sth. 表示动作或状态的持续，连续不断地或反复地做；keep on doing sth. 表示动作的反复，动作之间略有间隔。
[即学即练10](1)Don‘t _______ ______ _______ such noise.不要老是发出这样的噪音。 (2)Don’t ______ ______ such foolish things. 不要老是做这样的傻事。 (3)I will ______ ______ ________ until I reach my goal! 我还是要继续奋斗直到成功！
Keep on making//keep doing//keep on striving
11．put up with 忍受；容忍 put aside节省，储蓄，储存 put down写下，记下，击败，平定 put forward提出建议，把……向前拨 put off延期，推迟 put on穿上，戴上，演出 put out熄灭，扑灭 put through接通电话
[即学即练11](1)I can‘t ______ ______ ______ your rudeness any more; leave the room. 我不能再忍受你这种无礼的态度了，请离开这个房间。 (2)No longer being able to ______ ______ ______ my toothache, I went to consult a dentist. 我再也忍受不住牙痛，于是就去找牙科医生诊治。
put up with//put up with
(3)Can you ______ me _________ to reservation? 你可以给我接客房部吗？ (4)He ______ ________ a good plan at the meeting. 他在会议上提出了一项好计划。
put through//put forward
glance/glare/stare/glimpse (1)glance 指快速地看某人或某物一眼。 (2)glare 指以强烈的敌意或怒气，威吓般注视。 (3)stare 指由于生气、害怕或吃惊而睁大眼睛注视某人或某物。 (4)glimpse 意为“瞥见”，是 glance 动作的结果。
[应用1] 用 glance, glare, stare, glimpse 的适当形式填空 (1)He walked and ________ at his watch now and then. (2)They ________ at each other across the table after the quarrel. (3)The children ______ at the stranger with open eyes.
Glanced//glared//stared
(4)He ________ a short white?haired figure heading for the back door.
Glimpsed
3. take place/come about/happen/occur/break out 都有“发生”之意，并且都用做不及物动词，即无被动语态。 (1)take place强调必然性或按事先的安排而发生。 (2)happen, come about多为偶然发生。 (3)break out多指战争、火灾、地震、疾病等的突然发生。
(4)occur多指意想不到的事情的发生。
[应用3] (1)Argument occasionally ______ between them.他们之间偶尔也发生争论。 (2)How did it ____________ that they knew where we were? 他们是怎么知道我们在什么地方的呢？ (3)When does the meeting ______________？ 会议什么时候举行？
Occurs//come about//take place
(4)If anything _________ to you, let me know. 要是你出了什么事，就告诉我。 (5)Fire ______________ during the night. 夜间突然发生了火灾。
Happens//broke out
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