主谓一致
一、语法知识 (一),主语是不可数名词,动名词,不定式或从句的时候,谓语动词用单数. Smoking is not a good habit. To live happily needs a lot of things. What I said is true. (二),由and连接的两个做主语的单数名词指的是同一个人或物的时候,用单数动词. The singer and songwriter is dead. The science and technology plays an important part in China. Bread and butter(=buttered bread) is a good food for patients. "War and Peace" is the best book I have ever read. 由and连接的两个或更多的主语之前有each, every, many a/an, no的时候用单数名词. Every boy and girl in the class works very hard. Each minute and second is valuable to us. (三), 主语是单数, 后面跟有with, along with, together with, besides, as well as, but, except, no less than, rather than, more than, like, including, in addition to 的时候, 谓语动词用单数. Jack with his family wants to go to China. He, as well as you, is very honest. No one but I is a student. Her brother, together with his wife and children, was killed in the accident. The father, rather than the brothers, is responsible. (四), 由some, any, no, every构成的复合代词和each, either, neither, one, the other, another, little, a little, much, no one, nothing做主语的时候,谓语动词用单数. Each of you is cleverer than me. Neither student has passed the exam. Is anybody here? (五), both, few, a few, several, many以及others做主语的时候,永远用复数动词. Several friends were invited to the party. Both books are sold out. (六), all, none, any, some, more和most要是修饰单数名词,谓语动词用单数; 若是修饰复数名词,就用复数动词. Most of the apple is bad. Most of the apples are bad. None of this money is yours. None of the people here are teachers. (七), 由or连接的两个以上主语时,动词和最接近的主语一致. You or he is wrong. Are you or he wrong? 由either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also连接的两个以上主语时,动词和最近的主语一致. Either he or you have to tell the truth. Neither my brother nor his friends are over 18 years old. Not only the basketball players but also the coach was very nervous. (八), 若主语的复数名词表示的是"一段时间", "一笔钱", "一段距离", "一个数量", "一个面积"的时候用单数谓语动词. Two weeks is to enough for me to finish it. Five thousand dollars is too much. Ten kilometers is too long for me to run. (九), people(人民), police, cattle(牛群)等常用复数动词. 有一些集体名词,如果表示的是整体就用单数动词, 如果表示的是其中的个体就用复数谓语动词.这样的词常见的有family, class, audience,public, team等等. His family are all singers. His family is very large. (十)， 关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，谓语动词与先行词一致。 Those who want to go please sign their names here. (十一)，一些名词只有复数形式，如clothes, scissors, trousers, shorts, scales 等， 作主语时谓语用复数形式 The scales 天平 are mine. 但是成双的东西前面有a pair of 要用单数。 This pair of scissors belongs to the tailor. (十二)， 如果主语由"a kind of ( a series of ) 构成， 谓语一般用单数形式。 This kind of men is dangerous. 如果是多种，谓语动词要用复数。 There are many kinds of apples. (十三)， 算术式通常用单数。 (十四)， ics结尾的学科用单数谓语动词。 (十五)， 书名，剧名，报纸名，国名的复数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数。 The united states is a capitalist country. " The Arabian Nights" is a very interesting story-book. (十六)，"the+形容词（分词）" 指人谓语动词用复数形式。指抽象谓语动词用单数。 The English speak English. The new always beats the old. (十七)， who, what, which, all,more, most some, any, none, half, the rest, the remainder 等作主语要看各自的情况。 (十八)， one and a half 加复数名词作主语谓语动词用单数。 One and a half bananas is left on the table.
二、练习与检测 1. About 60 percent of the students _____ from the south, the rest of them _____ from the north and foreign countries. A. are/is? B. are/are C. is/are? D. are 2. Half of the workers here _____ under 30 _____. A. is/years????? B. are/year old C. is/years old? D. are/years of age 3. Now Tom with his classmates _____ football on the playground. A. play?? B. are playing C. plays? D. is playing 4. The number of pages in this dictionary _____ about two thousand. A. are??? B. has C. have?? D. is 5. Thirty dollars _____ too expensive. A. are??? B. is C. were?? D. be 6. The audience _____ so large that no seat was left unoccupied in the great hall. A. is?? B. are C. was? D. has 7. The secretary and principal _____ at the meeting now. A. are speaking????????? B. is speaking C. were making a speech? D. have a speech 8. "If anybody _____, please put down _____ name," said the teacher to the monitor. A. wants to buy the book/his? B. want to buy the book/their C. will buy the book/one's??? D. wants to have the book bought/her 9. Nothing but one desk and six chairs _____ in the room. A. are? B. is stayed C. is?? D. are left 10. Having arrived at the station, _____. A. it was found that the train had left B. the train had left C. the train was found left D. he found that the train had left 11. Between the two roads _____ a TV tower called "Skyscraper Tower". A. stands??????? B. standing C. which stands? D. stand 12. Either of you _____ going there tonight. A. will?? B. was C. is???? D. are 13. You as well _____ right. A. I are??? B. I am C. as I am? D. as I are 14. All but Dick _____ in Class Three this term. A. are?? B. is C. were? D. was 15. -Shall I wait here for three hours? -Yes. Three hours _____ to wait for such a doctor. A. are not very long for you???? B. is not long enough for you C. was not long enough for you?? D. will be too long for you 16. Where to get the materials and how to get them _____ at the meeting. A. have not discussed? B. have not been discussed C. has not discussed?? D. has not been discussed 17. I took mathematics and physics because I think that _____ very important for me to make further research in this field. A. what is? B. they are C. this???? D. which are 18. Every student and every teacher _____. A. are going to attend the meeting? B. have attended the meeting C. has attended the meeting???????? D. is attended the meeting 19. Three fourths of the bread _____ by Bob, and the rest of the bread _____ left on the table. A. was eaten/were?? B. were eaten/was C. were eaten/were? D. was eaten/was 20. This pair of shoes _____. A. is her???? B. is hers C. are hers?? D. are her
三、练习与检测答案
1-5 BDDDB 6-10 CBACD 11-15 ACDAB 16-20 DBCDB
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