X7U3 1．“Come_on,_Clancy. To the boat，”．.. “快点，克兰西。快到船上去。”……Come on. 意为：“来！快！得啦！加油！”表示劝说、激励、不耐烦等语气。①Come on! We don‘t have much time.快点！我们的时间不多了。②Oh, come on—you know that isn‘t true!哦，得了吧，你知道那不是真的！ 拓展：Come along! 快来！赶快！加把劲！Come again. 请再说一遍！你说什么来着？How come...? 怎么回事？怎么发生的？怎样解释？when it comes to sth./to doing sth. 当涉及某事/做某事时 ①If she spent five years in Paris, how come her French is so bad?既然她在巴黎待了五年，她的法语怎么还会这样糟糕？②When it comes to teaching students English, he has a lot to say. 当涉及教学生英语时，他有很多话要说。③Come along! We‘re late already.快点！我们已经迟到了。④—She is an actress. 她是一个演员。—Come again. 请再说一遍。(你说什么来着？) [即境活用1]　—I‘m dead tired. I can’t walk any farther, Jenny.—______， Tommy. You can do it!A．No problem　　　　　　　 B．No hurryC．Come on D．That's OK 答案：C 解析：Come on. “加油！”表示激励。 No problem. 没问题；No hurry. 别着急；That's OK. 没关系。 2．The fish didn‘t seem to mind me_swimming among them.鱼儿好像并不介意我游在它们中间。 me 在句中用做 swimming 的逻辑主语，这叫做动名词的复合结构。动名词的复合结构的其中一种形式是“物主代词或名词所有格＋动名词”，在句中做主语、宾语、表语等。如果不是在句子开头，这个结构常常可以用名词的普通格(或人称代词的宾格)。 ①His/Jack's not getting to the station on time made all of us worried.他/杰克没准时到车站使得我们大家都很担心。(做主语)②Do you mind my/me/Jack's/Jack leaving now?我/杰克现在离开你介意吗？(做动词的宾语)③Have you heard of my sister's winning the contest?我妹妹在竞赛中获胜的事你听说了吗？(做动词短语的宾语) ④He left the city without our knowing it.他离开这个城市我们大家都不知道。(做介词的宾语)⑤What is most important is Tom's going there at once.最重要的是汤姆立刻到那里去。(做表语) 注意：在下列情况中，动名词复合结构中的逻辑主语要用名词的普通格或人称代词的宾格：(1)无生命的事物名词做逻辑主语时一般采用普通格形式。(2)在口语和非正式语体中，只要不做主语常采用普通格或人称代词宾格。 (3)逻辑主语是一个短语或有修饰语，一般用名词普通格或人称代词宾格。(4)－s结尾的复合名词做逻辑主语时一般用普通格。(5)不定代词或指示代词做动名词的逻辑主语时，一般不用或很少用所有格形式。(6)集合名词、单复数同形的名词或变化不规则的复数名词做逻辑主语并同动名词一起做宾语时，一般用普通格。(7)it 做逻辑主语时用宾格、所有格均可，但指时间时用宾格。 [即境活用2]　Do you mind ______ alone at home?A．Tom leaving B．Tom having leftC．Tom's being left D．Tom to be left 答案：C 解析：mind 后接动名词做宾语，且动名词的逻辑主语是 Tom，表被动意义，故选C。 X7U4 1．But last weekend another teacher, Jenny, and I did_visit a village which is the home of one of the boys, Tombe.但是上个周末， 我和另一个老师，珍妮，确实拜访了一个村庄，其中一个男孩汤贝的家就在那里。 “do/does/did＋动词原形”可构成强调句。这种强调句只有一般现在时和一般过去时，且只对肯定的谓语动词进行强调，没有否定式和疑问式。do在句中要重读。注意在祈使句中使用时，往往不表示命令，而表示强烈的请求，有时表达更加客气的语气。 ①He did come here yesterday.他昨天确实来这里了。②We do often go to school by bus.我们确实经常乘公交车去上学。③Kate does like this game.凯特确实喜欢这个游戏。④Do finish your homework on time.一定要按时完成作业。 [即境活用1]　Cars moved very slowly in the 1930s, but they ______ faster than in the 1920s.A．were moving　　　　　　 B．did moveC．had moved D．would move 答案：B 解析：did 强调动词 move 表示“确实开得比那时快”。 2．She was dying to see him again but what_if he didn’t want to see her? 她渴望再见到他，但如果他不想见她怎么办？ what if“如果……将会怎样；即使……又有什么关系”，为省略结构，相当于What shall we/I do if...? what if 中 what可看做是 what should sb. do (某人该怎么办)或 what does it matter (有什么要紧) 或 what would happen (将会如何)的省略。 ①What if he gets angry?倘若他生气该怎么办？②What if they do not come?即使他们不来又有什么关系呢？ 拓展：(1)What for? “为什么？”相当于 Why?—We‘ll hold a party this weekend.我们要在这个周末开一个聚会。—What for? 为什么呢？(2)So what? 那有什么了不起/有什么关系？—He says he doesn’t like you. 他说他不喜欢你。—So what? 那有什么关系呢？ (3)what about...……怎么样；……怎么办What about inviting him here? 邀请他来这儿怎么样？(4)guess what 告诉你一个消息/情况Guess what! The boss is getting married.告诉你个消息！老板要结婚了。(5)What‘s up? 相当于 What’s the matter?What‘s up? She is weeping over there.怎么了？她正在那边儿哭呢。(6)Now what？下一步会怎样？下一步怎么办？ [即境活用2]　______we moved the sofa over there? Would that look better?A．What about B．What ifC．What for D．How come 答案：B 解析：句意为：“如果我们把沙发挪到那边儿，你觉得怎么样？”What if...？“如果……怎么样？” 2. what if/what about/what’s like/so what/what‘s more[应用2]　(1)____________ some settings could endanger children？如果一些装置可能对孩子们构成危险，那该怎么办？(2)I know Sally is your best friend. ____________？我知道萨莉是你最好的朋友。那又怎么样？ What if　//So what　 (3)______________ the new captain ______？新来的船长是个怎样的人？(4)____________ going to Singapore for our holiday this year？今年我们去新加坡度假怎么样？(5)We invited a new speaker and, ____________， he is happy to come.我们邀请了一位新的发言人，而且，他很乐意来。 What’s//like//What about//what’s more X7U5 1．It_was_the_first_time she had ever left her motherland. 这是她第一次离开祖国。It/This/That is the first/second/third...time (that) sb. has/have done sth.这是某人第一/二/三……次做某事。 ①It is the first time that I have come to the Great Wall.这是我第一次到长城。②It was the second time that he had failed in the exam.这是他第二次考试失败。③It will be the first time that he has won the prize.那将是他第一次获奖。 拓展：(1)the first time “第一次”，名词短语引导时间状语从句。如：He was curious about everything the first time he went abroad.第一次出国他对什么都好奇。 (2)for the first time “第一次”，介词短语在句中做时间状语。如：When I met him for the first time, he was making a speech.我第一次见他时，他正在演讲。 [即境活用1]　I thought her nice and honest ______ I saw her.A．first time　　　　 B．for the first timeC．the first time D．by the first time 答案：C 解析：the first time 引导时间状语从句，意为“第一次”。 2．Besides, as_far_as_he_was_concerned,_what other people thought was not the most important thing.此外，他认为，别人的想法并不是最重要的。 as/so far as sb./sth. is concerned是固定句式，意为“在某人看来，就某人或某事而言”。类似短语还有：so/as far as I can see 依我看来so/as far as I know 就我所知as far as the eye can see 就视线所及as far as it goes 就……而论as far as 那么远，直到，就……而言so far＝up to now 迄今为止by far ……得多，最(修饰比较级或最高级) ①As far as I am concerned, this is the most important point.对我来说，这是最重要的一点。②As far as money is concerned, she‘s hopeless.她在金钱方面简直无可救药。 [即境活用2]　—Michael was late for Mr Smith's oral class this morning.—How come? ______ I know, he never came late to class.A．As far as B．So farC．By far D．As far 答案：A 解析：as far as I know, 据我所知。 1.It's the first time...句式[应用1]　(1)I thought her nice and honest ______ I met her.A．first time B．for the first timeC．the first time D．by the first time 答案：C 解析：the first time可引导时间状语从句。 (2)－It’s the second time that I ______ to Shanghai.－What great changes! It’s ten years since I ______ it last time.A．have been; left B．had been；leftC．am; had left D．come; had left 答案：A 解析：在表时间的句式It be＋time＋since从句中出现了时间状语last time，故从句应用一般过去时，排除C、D两项，结合It be＋the＋序数词＋time(that)从句时态特殊要求，可知A项为最佳选项。 2. besides的用法[应用2]　(1)I don’t mind picking up your things from the store. ______， the walk will do me good.A．Sooner or later B．StillC．In time D．Besides 答案：D 解析：besides副词，意为“况且，再说”。该句意为“我很乐意去商店把你的东西取回来。再说走一走对我自己也有好处”。根据题意，D项正确。 (2)(2007·全国Ⅱ)Some people choose jobs for other reasons ______ money these days.A．for B．exceptC．besides D．with 答案：C 解析：考查考生对介词的理解。根据句意“在如今，人们选择工作除了钱还有其他原因”，表示“除了”，只有except与besides有此意。except为排除在外、不包括，而besides为包括在内，故用besides。 3. as far as...的用法[应用3]　(1)______ I can see, there is only one possible way to keep away from the danger.A．As long as B．As far asC．Just as D．Even if 答案：B 解析：逗号前后并非表示条件、让步关系，也不是用来加强语气。应用as far as I can see来缓和语气，表示“在我看来，只有一种可能脱离危险的办法”。 (2)______ you can do what you like.A．As long as I’m concernedB．As far as I’m concernedC．As far as I’m concerningD．As soon as I’m concerned 答案：B 解析：本题考查了固定短语的用法。此句可译为：就我而言，你可以做你所喜欢做的。as far as one is concerned是固定短语，也可写成so far as one is concerned，表示“就……而言”。 X8U1 1．However, it_is_likely_that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago.然而，美洲土著人有可能在至少15 000年前就在加州生活着。 本句式中 it为形式主语，真正的主语为 that从句。It is likely that... ……是可能的。此句型可转化为：Sb./Sth. be likely to do... 某人/物可能干某事。①She‘s very likely to ring me tonight.＝It’s likely that she will ring me tonight.她今晚很可能给我打电话。②It‘s likely that it will snow tonight.＝It is likely to snow tonight.今天晚上可能下雪。 [即境活用1]　Ronaldo was ______ to win the 100－meter hurdle race, but he fell to the ground and missed the chance.A．possible　　 B．probableC．likely D．maybe 答案：C 解析：当 possible或 probable 做表语时，主语只能是事物或代词 it；而 likely 做表语时，主语可以是人，也可以是物。maybe 是副词，只能做状语，不能做表语。 2．It_is_believed_that before long the mix of nationalities will be so great that there will be no distinct major racial or cultural groups, but simply a mixture of many races and cultures.过不了多久国籍间相混的程度将如此大以至于不再有明显的种族或文化团体，而仅仅是一个种族和文化的混合体。 本句用的句型是 It is believed that－clause。it 是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的 that－clause。类似的结构还有：It be said/known/agreed/thought/supposed/reported＋that－clause.此句型可转化成：(1)People say/know/agree/think/suppose/report＋that－clause.(2)Sb./Sth. be said/known/agreed/thought/supposed/reported＋to do. ①It is believed that Mr Smith is innocent.＝Mr Smith is believed to be innocent.人们认为史密斯先生是无辜的。②It is believed that Professor Johnson has finished his second novel.＝Professor Johnson is believed to have finished his second novel.人们相信约翰逊教授已完成了他的第二部小说。 [即境活用2]　The lake by the village is believed ______ a number of victims in the past 3 years.A．to claim B．to have claimedC．claiming D．being claiming 答案：B 解析：句意为“人们相信村子旁边的湖泊在过去的三年里已要了许多人的命”。在这种形式中，believe 后面不能跟 v．－ing形式；由 in the past 3 years 可知，事情是已发生的，因此，需用不定式的完成式与之相对应。 X8U2 1．Then_came the disturbing news that Dolly had become seriously ill.接着传来了令人烦恼的消息——多莉得了重病。 (1)表示方位、时间或方式的副词或介词短语，如here, there, now, then, up, down, in, away, off, out, in the room, on the wall等置于句首时，句子倒装。①Look, here comes the bus.看，公共汽车来了。②Out rushed the children.孩子们冲了出去。③There goes the bell.铃响了。 (2)本句中的news与that Dolly had become seriously ill是同位语关系。一个名词或代词后面有时可接一个单词、短语或从句，对前者做进一步的解释，说明它指的是谁或是什么，这就是同位语。 ①We heard of the news that our team had won.我们听说了我们队赢了这一消息。②We must face the fact that we have run out of all the money.我们必须面对我们已花完了钱这一事实。 [即境活用1]　(1)In the dark forests ______， some large enough to hold several English towns.A．stand many lakes　　　　 B．lie many lakesC．many lakes lie D．many lakes stand 答案：B 解析：表地点的介词短语放在句首时用完全倒装，表示某物位于某处用动词lie。 (2)Nobody believed his reason for being absent from the class ______ he had to meet his uncle at the airport.A．why B．thatC．where D．because 答案：B 解析：考查同位语从句。句意为：他没来上课，因他必须到机场接他叔叔，没人相信这个理由。his reason后接同位语从句，由for being absent from the class隔开，从句是个完整的句子，故选B项。 2．Did she die young because she was a clone?因为她是克隆的，所以才早逝了吗？young 为形容词，在句中做状语。在描绘性文字中，形容词(短语)或形容词化的分词有时起状语作用，说明主句所述的原因、时间或主语所处境况或意义增补。 (1)表原因表原因的形容词(短语)或形容词化的分词多放在句首，句子的主语亦是其逻辑主语。表原因的形容词(短语)相当于原因状语从句。如：Thirsty and hungry (＝As he was thirsty and hungry), he went to a farmer‘s cottage to ask for something to eat.由于又饥又渴，他来到一家农舍要点吃的。 Frightened(＝Because she was frightened), she asked me to go with her.由于害怕，她要我跟她一起去。 (2)表时间形容词(短语)表主语动作发生的时间，放在句首。其作用相当于一个时间状语从句。如：Ripe (＝When they are ripe), the oranges taste sweet.这些橘子熟了时，味道甜美。 (3)说明主语的境况或意义增补形容词(短语)表示主语所处境况或意义增补时，常放在句末。相当于一个和前面句子并列的句子。如：Holmes found the man lying on the floor, dead (＝and he was dead). 福尔摩斯发现那个人躺在地板上，死了。 One woman was lying in bed, awake (＝and she was awake). 有位妇女醒着躺在床上。For a moment she just stood there, unable (＝and she was unable) to believe what had just happened.她在那儿呆呆地站了一会儿，不敢相信刚才发生的事情。 [即境活用2]　(2008·北京)After the long journey, the three of them went back home, ______.A．hungry and tiredly B．hungry and tiredC．hungrily and tiredly D．hungrily and tired 答案：B 解析：本题考查形容词做状语。

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