七、动词与短语动词 编审：刘燕飞 选题：殷素琴
（一）知识重点
归纳并记忆常见动词短语搭配和意义。
（二）知识呈现
短语动词通常以动词为中心，通常由动词加副词或介词构成。英语中大量短语动词难以从字面意义上来判定其释义，很多时候应根据具体语境判断它们的意义。有的短语动词相当于及物动词，有的则相当于不及物动词。
1.短语动词的构成
（1）动词+副词
clear away清除掉 put away收起 die away消失
call back回电话 look back回顾 walk back走回
break down坏了 calm down平静下来 get down咽下
come up上来 blow up爆炸 turn up出现
show off炫耀 give off散发 take off脱下
break out发生 blow out吹灭 run out 用完
（2）动词+介词
bring about引起 look about 环顾四周 seek for寻找
burst into 闯入 turn into使变成 look into调查
see to 处理 devote to贡献给 deal with处理
glance at匆匆一瞥 work at干…… aim at向…瞄准
differ from与…不同 result from由于 insist on坚持
rely on依靠 bring in引进 hope for希望得到
combine with联合 lead to导致，通向 set about着手
(3) 动词+副词+介词
add up to总计 keep away from不靠近 look down on轻视
keep up with赶上 make up for弥补 get on with相处
get close to接近 get out of逃避,避免 do away with废除
do well in在…干得好 put up with忍受 catch up with赶上
look up to 仰望,尊敬 run out of用完 look forward to
go on with 继续 get down to认真开始 break away from
2.短语动词使用时须注意的几点
(1) 在短语动词中,副词可以放在动词宾语前或后。但是如果宾语是代词，则应放在动词和副词之间。如：
The young lovers have been trying to put some money aside for their marriage ceremony.
年轻的恋人一直努力存钱以备举行婚礼时用。
He has put aside a little money for a rainy day.
他积蓄了一点钱以备不时之需。
When you do not understand a new word,you can look it up in this dictionary.
当你不理解新单词的时候，你可以查字典。
This method is very new and you can try it out to solve the hard problem.
这种方法相当新，你可以试着用它去解决那个难题。
（2）在带有介词的短语动词中，介词的宾语总是紧随其后的。
We have brought in a good harvest for three years .
我们已经连续三年获得了丰收。
We’ve just come across an old friend we haven’t seen for ages.
我们刚碰到了一位多年不见的老朋友。
Please keep away from the scene of the accident before the police come.
在警察来之前，请勿靠近事故现场。
The manager expects everyone to get down to his work after the national holidays.
经理要求大家国庆假期之后开始专心工作。
（3）有些短语动词后并不需要跟宾语，这时他们相当于不及物动词。如：
Mr Wang’s new car broke down and he had to go to work by bike again.
王先生的新汽车坏了，他不得不又骑自行车去上班。
The crowd broke up after the football games.
足球比赛结束后，人们四处散开。
（4）同一动词，后面跟不同的副词或介词构成意思不同的短语动词。如：
break down坏了；跨了 break up拆散；解体；驱散
break in闯入；插话 break off忽然停止讲话；断绝
break out爆发；逃出 break through冲破；突破；战胜
不同的动词，后面跟上相同的副词或介词构成意思不同的短语。
make up组成；构成；弥补；编造；化装
show up带上楼；出席；露面；揭露
hold up举起来；阻塞；耽搁；抑制感情
set up创立；建立；树立；资助
put up提出；举起；建造
take up拿起；举起；开始（某）活动
（5）一些短语动词，具有多种释义，需要根据全句语境对他们作出恰当理解。如：
Hurry up,children!The plane will take off very soon. (起飞)
After entering the room,he took off his coat . (脱下)
The boss told him that he would take two weeks off in November. （休假）
The woman broke down when someone told her that her mother was dead. (崩溃)
Interrupted by hankers,the computer system of that company has broken down. (瘫痪)
Negotiations(谈判) between the boss and workers have broken down(失败）
3.常见短语举例：
answer for 对…负责 go without 没有也行
agree with 同意（某人） hand in交上来
agree to同意（建议） have nothing to do with与…无关
agree on 达成一致 have sth. to do with与…有关
aim at瞄准 head for朝…去
ask for请求 help…with帮助某人某事
belong to属于 hope for希望得到
burst into突然…起来 introduce …to. . 把…介绍…
begin with以…开始 inspire…with…以…激励
base on根据 insist on坚持
consist of由…组成 interfere with妨碍
congratulate …on祝贺 join sb. in…加入某人一起
come to an end结束 knock at敲（门等）
compare …to把…比作 long for渴望
compare…with同…相比 look up查阅，向上看
care for喜欢，照顾 look on/opon…as…把…看作…
change …for用…交换 learn by heart背会
clear up放晴 leave for动身区去
come across偶然遇到 lie in在于
call up打电话 live on靠…生活，以…为主食
call for 要求，需要 look through翻阅，浏览
call on 拜访（人），号召 mix with同…混合
call at拜访（地） present…with赠送
cure of治愈 persist in坚持
depend on依靠 put…into practice实施
devote… to把…用于 reply to答复
engage in从事 rely on依靠
end with以…结束 recover from恢复
get on/off上/下车 rob …of…抢走
get on/along进展 run over碾过去
get ready for准备好 result from/in由…引起；导致
get in收获 remember sb. to…带…问好
grow up长大 set about doing着手做
give in让步，投降 succeed in 成功…
go all out竭尽全力 speak of说到
go through通过 share in分担
go over复习 share sth. with sb. 与某人共同使用
（三）高考真题
1. (07全国I)“Goodbye, then,” she said, without even ___________ from her book.
A. looking down B. looking up C. looking away D. looking on
2. (07全国II)I have ____ all my papers but I still can’t find my notes. A. looked through B. looked for C.looked after D.looked out
3. (07山东)It’s the sort of work that ____________ a high level of concentration.
A. calls for B. makes up C. lies in D. stands for
4. ( 07安徽) —Didn't you have a good time at the party?
—Of course I did. As a matter of fact, I had such fun that time seemed to _____so quickly.
A. go by B. go away C. go out D. go over
5.(07福建)The news of the mayor’s coming to our school for a visit was_on the radio yesterday.
A. turned out B. found out C. given out D. carried out
6. ( 07湖北) If the firms failed to make enough money, they would .
A. close down B. call off C. turn down D. set off
7.(07湖北)If we can our present difficulties, then everything should be all right.
A. come across B. get over C. come over D. get off
8.(07江苏) —Have you ______ some new ideas? —Yeah. I’ll tell you later.
A.come about B.come into C.come up with D.come out with
9.(07江苏)—Do you think that housing price will keep ______ in the years to come?
—Sorry, I have no idea.
A.lifting up B.going up C.bringing up D.growing up
10.(07陕西) We had wanted to finish our task by noon, but it didn’t quite .
A. find out B. give out C. hand out D. work out
11.(07四川)It was so dark in the cinema that I could hardly ___________ my friend.
A.turn out B.bring out C.call out D.pick out
12.(07天津)Hardly could he ________ this amount of work in such a short time.
A.get through B.get off C.get into D.get down
13.(07浙江) We firmly believe that war never settles anything. It only _____ violence.
A.runs into B.comes from C.leads to D.begins with
14.(07浙江) Would you please ______ this form for me to see if I’ve filled it in right?
A.take off B.look after C.give up D.go over
15.(07重庆) She’s having a lot of trouble with the new computer, but she doesn’t know whom to _______. A.turn to B.look for C.deal with D.talk about
16.( 07辽宁) Don't be _____ by products promising to make you lose weight quickly.
A.taken off B.taken out C.taken away D.taken in
17.(07全国I) Does this meal cost $50? I __________ something far better than this!
A.prefer B.expect C.suggest D.suppose
18. (07全国II)Why don’t you just ____ your own business and leave me alone?
A.make B.open C.consider D.mind
19. (07天津)Lucy has ________ all of the goals she set for herself in high school and is ready for new challenges at university.
A.acquired B.finished C.concluded D.achieved
20.(07湖北) Emergency line operators must always calm and make sure that they get all the information they need to send help.
A.grow B.appear C.become D.stay
21.(07湖北) Surely it doesn’t matter where the student associations get their money from;
what ______ is what they do with it.
A.counts B.applies C.stresses D.functions
22.(07四川) Mum ________ to us，“Be quiet! Your little sister’s sleeping. ”
A.whispered B.shouted C.explained D.replied
23.(07浙江) --- Look! He’s running so fast!
--- Hard to _______ his legs were once broken.
A.know B.imagine C.realize D.find
24.(07江西)Don’t take too much of the medicine; it does you more harm than good if you .
A.do B.take C.like D.have
25.(07山东) In this seaside resort, you can___ all the comfort and convenience of modern tourism.
A.enjoy B.apply C.receive D.achieve
26.(07上海) At minus 130℃, a living cell can be ______ for a thousand years.
A.spared B.protected C.preserved D.developed
27.(06江苏) ---Are you going to have a holiday this year?
---I’d love to. I can’t wait to leave this place______.
A.off B.out C.behind D.over
28.(06全国)We _____the last bus and didn’t have any money for taxi, so we had to walk home. A.reached B.lost C.missed D.caught
29.(06全国)Mary wanted to travel around the world all by herself, but her parents didn’t _____her to do so. A.forbid B.allow C.follow D.ask
30.(06天津) We want to rent a bus which can______40 people for our trip to Beijing.
A.load B.hold C.fill D.support
31.(06辽宁)The computer system_____suddenly while he was searching for information on the Internet. A.broke down B.broke out C.broke up D.broke in
32.(06浙江)We’re trying to ring you back, Bryan, but we think we____your number incorrectly.
A.looked up B.took down C.worked out D.brought about
33.(06上海)Sean’s strong love for his country is_____ in his recently published poems.
A.relieved B.reflected C.responded D.recovered
34.(06福建)She ______Japanese when she was in Japan. Now she can speak it freely.
A.picked out B.made out C.made up D.picked up
35.(06湖北) One of the best ways for people to keep fit is to_____healthy eating habits.
A.grow B.develop C.increase D. raise
36.(06湖北) It’s already 10 o’clock.I wonder how it_____that she was two hours late on such a short trip. A.came over B.came out C.came about D.came up
37.(06湖北)The building around the corner caught fire last night. The police are now _____the matter.
A.seeing through B.working out C.looking into D.watching over
38.(06湖北) As I grew up in a small town at the foot of a mountain, the visit to the village ____scenes of my childhood.
A.called up B.called for C.called on D.called in
39.(06湖北) Although the wind has_____, the rain remains steady, so you still need a raincoat.
A.turned up B.gone back C.died down D.blown out
40.(06广东) The traffic lights_______green and I pulled away.
A.came B.grew C.got D.went
41.(06广东) I was still sleeping when the fire______, and then it spread quickly.
A.broke out B.put out C.came out D.got out
42.(06重庆) ---How are you managing to do you work without an assistant?
---Well, I_____somehow.
A.get along B.come on C.watch out D.set off
43.(06重庆)---Mr. Gordon asked me to remind you of the meeting this afternoon. Don’t you forget it! ---OK, I______.
A.won’t B.don’t C.will D.do
44.(06山东) Someone who lacks staying power and perseverance is unlikely to______a good researcher. A.make B.turn C.get D.grow
45.(06山东)After he retired from office, Rogers_____painting for a while, but soon lost interest.
A.took up B.saved up C.kept up D.drew up
46.(08全国I)The performance______nearly three hours, but few people left the theatre early.
A. covered B. reached C. played D. lasted
47.(08全国II) Little Johnny felt the bag, curious to know what it ____.
A. collected B. contained C. loaded D. saved
48.(08上海春) The story of the homeless orphan has _____ sympathy from the public.
A. aroused B. attracted C. defended D. adopted
49.(08天津)Her shoes ______ her dress; they look very well together.
A. suit B. fit C. compare D. match
50.(08辽宁)You have to be a fairly good speaker to ______ listeners’ interest for over an hour.
A. hold B. make C. improve D. receive
51.(08山东)The fact that she never apologized ______ a lot about what kind of person she is.
A. says B. talks C. appears D. declares
52.(08江西)I _____ it as a basic principle of the company that suppliers of raw materials should be given a fair price for their products.
A. make B. look C. take D. think
53.(08安徽) -----Are you happy with your new computer?
----- No, it is _____ me a lot of trouble.
A. showing B. leaving C. giving D. sparing
54(08湖北)Though having lived abroad for years, many Chinese still___the traditional customs.
A. perform B. possess C. observe D. support
55.(08湖北)As nobody here knows what is wrong with the machine, we must send for an engineer to ______ the problem.
A. handle B. raise C. face D. present
56.(08全国I) After studying in a medical college for five years, Jane ___ her job as a doctor in the countryside.
A. set out B. took over C. took up D. set up
57.(08全国II) – What are you reading, Tom?-- I’m not really reading, just ___ the pages.
A. turning off B. turning around C. turning over D. turning up
58.(08天津)The meal over, the managers went back to the meeting room to____their discussion.
A. put away B. take down C. look over D. carry on
59.(08山东)Einstein liked Bose’s paper so much that he___ his own work and translated it into German. A. gave off B. turned down C. took over D. set aside
60.(08江苏)—Is Peter there?—______, please. I’ll see if I can find him for you.
A. Hold up B. Hold on C. Hold out D. Hold off
61.(08江苏) —I’m still working on my project.—Oh, you’ll miss the deadline. Time is ______.
A. running out B. going out C. giving out D. losing out
62.(08江西)If a person has not had enough sleep, his actions will give him ___ during the day.
A. away B. up C. in D. back
63.(08安徽)Don’t be so discouraged. If you_______such feelings, you will do better next time.
A. carry on B. get back C. break down D. put away
64.(08浙江)American Indian ____ about five percent of the U.S. population.
A. fill up B. bring up C. make up D. set up
65.(08湖北)The teacher stressed again that the students should not ____ any important details while retelling the story.
A. bring out B. let out C. leave out D. make out
66.(08湖北)In modern times, people have to learn to ___ all kinds of pressure although they are leading a comfortable life.
A. keep with B. stay with C. meet with D. live with
67.( 08湖北)The present situation is very complex, so I think it will take me some time to ______ its reality.
A. make up B. figure out C. look through D. put off
68. (08陕西)It’s going to rain. Xiao Feng, Will you please help me the clothes on the line?
A.get off B. get back C. get in D. get on
69.(08四川)I used to quarrel a lot with my parents, but now we___ fine..
A. look out B. stay up C. carry on D. get along
70.(08福建) _____ a moment and I will go to your rescue.
A. Go on B. Hold on C. Move to D. Carry on
71.(09福建)We are at your service. Don’t to turn to us if you have any further problems.
A. beg B. hesitate C. desire D. seek
72.（09江西）It is reported that the police will soon ____ the case of two missing children.
A. look upon B. look after C. look into D. look out
73.（09山东）Amy joined a painting group but didn’t seem to _______, so she left.
A. show off B. go up C. fit in D. come over
74.（09陕西）A notice was in order to remind the students of the changed lecture time .
A. sent up B. given up C. set up D. put up
75.（09浙江卷16）Practising Chinese kung fu can not only one’s strength, but also develop one’s character.
A. bring up B. take up C. build up D. pull up
76.（09天津）---- Sorry, I have to ______ now. It’s time for class. ---- OK, I’ll call back later.
A. hang up B. break up C. give up D. hold up
77.（09全国I）I tried phoning her office, but I couldn’t .
A. get along B. get on C. get to D. get through
78.（09福建卷）The Somali robbed frequent attacks on the sea urged the United Nations to all nations to take immediate action.
A. fight for B. apply for C. call on D. wait on
79. （09湖北）The loss has not yet been accurately, but it is believed to be well beyond a hundred million dollars.
A. calculated B. considered C. completed D. controlled
80 （09湖北）Would you please the paper for me and see if there are any obvious mistakes? A. look around B. look into C. look up D. look through
81.（09湖北）During the war there was a serious lack of food. It was not unusual that even the wealthy families had to bread for days.
A. eat up B. give away C. do without D. deal with
82.( 09湖北) Some parents are just too protective. They want to their kids from every kind of danger, real or imagined.
A. spot B. dismiss C. shelter D. distinguish
83.（09山东）-----Do you have enough to ________ all your daily expenses?----Oh yes, enough and to spare.
A. cover B. spend C. fill D. offer
84.（09全国II）If you leave the club, you will not be ______ back in.
A. received B. admitted C. turned D. moved
85.（09浙江）The good thing about children is that they very easily to new environments.
A. adapt B. appeal C. attach D. apply
86.（09天津）Don’t worry if you don’t understand everything, The teacher will ______ the main points at the end.
A. recover B. review C. require D. remember
87.（09全国I）Encourage your children to try new things, but try not to them too hard.
A. draw B. strike C. ruse D. push
88.（09四川）—Have you __________?—No. I had the wrong number.
A. got in B. got away C. got off D. got through
89.（09四川）—How about your journey to Mount Emei?
—Everything was wonderful except that our car _________ twice on the way.
A. slowed down B. broke down C. got down D. put down
90.（09江苏）---- I' m surprised to hear that Sue and Paul have __ .
----So am I. They seemed very happy together when I last saw them.
broken up B. finished up C. divided up closed up
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