Unit 2 The Olympic Games
语言要点
单元要点预览(旨在让同学整体了解本单元要点)
词汇
部分
词语
辨析
1. make sure/be sure/for sure
2. in charge of/in the charge of
3. compete / contest
4. basis / base / foundation(顺序未调)
词形
变化
1. advertise vt. 做广告; 登广告
advertisement n. 广告
advertising n. 做广告 (作定语)
2. replace v. 代替, 取代
replacement n. 代替, 取代
replaceable adj. 可代替的;
3. interview v. n.?面试, 面谈; 采访
interviewee ? ?(面试中)受审核者; 被接见者; 被采访者
interviewer主持面试者; 接见者; 采访者
重点
单词
1. admit vt. & vi. 许可某人/物进入;接纳,接受某人(入院入学等);承认,招认
2. charge n. 费用;v. 指控;收费
3. bargain n.协议;廉价物;v.(与某人)讨价还价; 洽谈成交条件; 谈判
4. promise v. & n. 允诺;答应
5. deserve vt. & vi. 应得; 值得
重点
词组
1. take part in参与;参加
2. stand for stand for 代表;象征;表示
used to 过去常做某事
one after another one after another/the other 一个接一个地
重点句子
1. How often do you hold your Games?
2. No other countries could join in, nor could slaves or women.
重点语法
一般将来时的被动语态 (见语法部分)
Ⅰ 词语辨析 (旨在提供完形填空所需材料)
1. make sure/be sure/for sure
【解释】
make sure 意为“确保”“弄清楚”,后接介词短语或从句。
be sure 后接不定式时,意为“一定”“必定”“准会”;若跟of、about短语或从句时,作“肯定”“有把握”解释;to be sure 作插入语时,意为“的确”“诚然”。
for sure 意为“肯定的”“毫无问题地”。
【练习】用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空
1). Have you ________ of the time of the train?
2). _________ to write and tell me all the news.
3). She is not pretty, _______, but she is very clever.
4). She won’t lend me any money,and that’s _______.
Keys: 1). made sure 2). Be sure 3). to be sure 4). for sure
2. in charge of/in the charge of
【解释】
in charge of 表示“主管”,“看管”,“负责”。
in the charge of 表示“在……掌管之下;由……掌管”
【练习】用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空
1). He is _______ the school.
2). The school is _______ him.
Keys: 1). in charge of 2). in/under the charge of
3. compete / contest
【解释】
compete 表示“为了争得名次、奖金,合同等”,并不含有将对手征服的意思。
contest 所表示的竞赛可以是友谊赛,也可以是有敌意的竞赛,旨在比试技能、能力、力气、耐力等,此外还可以表示赢得选举。
【练习】用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空
1). The children _________ against each other t reach the other end of the pool.
2). The soldiers ________ every inch of ground.
Keys: 1). compete 2). contested
4. basis / base / foundation
【解释】
basis 主要用作抽象或引申意义。
base 侧重指构成或支撑某一物体的基础,也可指军事基地或用作比喻意义。
foundation 用于具体意义时,侧重指坚固结实的建筑物的基础或地基,用作比喻意义时,与basis基本相同。
【练习】用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空
1). All dams need sound _________.
2). The vase falls over a lot because the ________ is too small.
3). The ______ of her opinion is something she read in the magazine.
Keys: 1). foundations 2). base 3). basis
Ⅱ 词性变化 (旨在提供语法填空所需材料)
1. advertise vt. 做广告; 登广告
advertisement n. 广告
advertising n. 做广告(作定语)
2. replace v. 代替, 取代
replacement n. 代替, 取代
replaceable adj. 可代替的;
3. interview v. n.?面试, 面谈; 采访
interviewee ? ?(面试中)受审核者; 被接见者; 被采访者
interviewer主持面试者; 接见者; 采访者
【练习】用括号内所提供词的适当形式填空
1) Cigarette ________ should be banned. (advertise)
2) They ________ their services on TV. (advertise)
3) If you want to sell your old sofa, why not put an _________ in the local paper? (advertise)
4) They will find a ________ for Sue while she is ill (replace)
5) Can anything _________ a mother's love? (replace)
6) Can you find a _________ book? (replace)
7) We __________ 20 people for the job. (interview)
8) I've got an _________ with National Chemicals. (interview)
Keys: 1) advertising 2) advertise 3) advertisement 4) replacement
5) replace 6) replaceable 7) interviewed 8) interview
Ⅲ 重点词汇 (旨在提供综合运用所需材料)
1. admit vt. & vi. 许可某人/物进入;接纳,接受某人(入院入学等);承认,招认
[典例]
1). The school admits sixty new boys and girls every year. 这所学校每年招收六十名男女新生。
2). He was admitted to hospital with minor burns. 他因轻度烧伤而入院。
3). I admit (that) you have a point. 我承认你有理。
4). George would never admit to being wrong. 乔治从不认错。
[重点用法]
admit (doing)sth.承认某事/做了某事
admit that +从句 承认……
[练习] 中译英
1). 他招认偷了那辆汽车。
_____________________________________________________________________________________
2). 不准那个人进来。
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Keys: 1). He admitted having stolen the car.
2). That man is not to be admitted.
2. charge n. 费用;v. 指控;收费
[典例]
1). All goods are delivered free of charge. 一切物品免费送货。
2). He was charged with murder. 他被控犯谋杀罪。
[重点用法]
in/under the charge of 在某人照看(掌管)下
in charge of处于控制或支配(某人[某事物])的地位:
[练习] 中译英
1). 这些病人由威尔逊医生治疗。
_____________________________________________________________________________________
2). 这儿谁负责?
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Keys: 1). These patients are under the charge of Dr Wilson.
2). Who's in charge here?
3. bargain n.协议;廉价物;v.(与某人)讨价还价; 洽谈成交条件; 谈判
[典例]
1). If you promote our goods, we will give you a good discount as our part of the bargain. 若你方经销我们的货物, 我方愿给予你相当大的优惠作为回报。
2). It's a bargain. 这可是便宜货。
3). Never pay the advertised price for a car; always try to bargain. 千万不要照牌价购买汽车, 总得讲讲价才是。
[重点用法]
make a bargain with sb about/over/for sth 就某事与某人达成协议
bargain with sb about/over/for sth 就某事与某人讨价还价
[练习] 中译英
1). 你做了一笔很上算的交易。
_____________________________________________________________________________________
2). 工会为缩短工作周而(与资方)讨价还价。
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Keys: 1). You've got a good bargain there.
2). The unions bargained (with management) for a shorter working week.
4. promise v. & n. 允诺;答应
[典例]
1). I told him the truth under a promise of secrecy. 我在他答应保守秘密之后把真相告诉了他。
2). She promised me (that) she would be punctual. 她向我保证一定准时。
[重点用法]
promise to do sth.答应做某事
promise sb. sth.答应某人某事
promise +that 从句 答应……
make a promise许下诺言
keep a promise遵守诺言
carry out a promise履行诺言
break a promise违背诺言
[练习] 中译英
1). 我得让你遵守诺言。
_____________________________________________________________________________________
2). 我不能保证做到, 但我一定尽力而为。
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Keys: 1). I shall keep you/hold you to your promise.
2). I can't promise, but I'll do my best.
5. deserve vt. & vi. 应得; 值得
[典例]
1). The article deserves careful study. 这篇文章值得仔细研究。
2). They deserve to be sent to prison. 他们应该入狱。
[重点用法]
deserve doing = deserve to be done值得做
[练习] 中译英
1). 她积极努力, 应得到奖赏。
_____________________________________________________________________________________
2).如果你做错事就应受到惩罚。
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Keys: 1). She deserves a reward for her efforts.
2). If you do wrong, you deserve punishing / to be punished / punishment.
Ⅳ 重点词组 (旨在提供综合运用所需材料)
1. take part in 参与;参加
[典例]
1). How many countries took part in the last Olympic Games?
有多少个国家参加了上届奥运会?
2). Are you going to take part in the first experiment?
你们会参与首次实验吗?
[短语归纳]
take one's part(在辩论中)支持某人;站在某……边
have a part to play能帮助;能在……中发挥作用
have/play a part(in sth)参与某事
for the most part多半;通常
[练习] 中译英
1). 他母亲总是护着他。
2). 她积极参与地方政治活动。
Keys: 1). His mother always takes his part.
2). She plays an active part in local politics.
2. stand for 代表;象征;表示
[典例]
1). The sign X stands for an unknown number. 符号X表示一个未知数。
2). My mother stands for the kind treatment of all children.
我妈妈主张对待一切孩子都要慈爱。
[短语归纳]
stand by袖手旁观;无动于衷
stand by sb支持;帮助;忠于
stand out(from/as)显眼;突出
stand up站起;站立;起立
[练习] 中译英
1). 无论如何,我都支持你。
2). 我谴责法西斯主义及其代表的一切。
Keys:
1). I’ll stand by you whatever happens.
2). I condemn fascism and all it stands for.
used to 过去常做某事
[典例]
used to, would这两个词语都可以表示过去常做某事,有时可以换用。但used to do强调过去习惯性的行为或状态,但是现在没有这种行为或状态了。因此,这个短语的内涵是今昔对比。
1). There used to be only low and dirty houses in our village.
[短语归纳]
get/be used to sth./doing sth.习惯于某物/做某事,该词组有各种时态
be used to do sth.被用于做……
[练习] 选择正确的答案
1). Jack is used to ___________ to school, but today he came by bus.
A. walk B. walking C. walks D. walked
2). Wood _______________ paper and other things.
A. is used to make B. is used to making
C. used to make D. used to making
Keys:
1). A 2). A
4. one after another/the other 一个接一个地
[典例]
1). Please line up one after another. 请按顺序排队。
2). We achieved one victory after another. 我们取得了一个又一个的胜利。
[短语归纳]
one by one逐个地;逐一地
one another/each other相互
[练习] 中译英
1). 他把所有书并列摆放起来。
2). 账单纷至沓来。
Keys:
1). He put a11 the books beside each other/one another.
2). The bills kept coming in one after another.
Ⅴ 重点句子 (旨在提供句子结构等所需材料)
1. How often do you hold your Games? 你们奥运会多久举行一次?
[解释] How often 问某事发生的频率。常用的答语有:every two days, once a week, at times等
How soon问某事在多少时间以内会完成。常用in/within短语回答
---How soon will my dress be ready? ---In a week. 我的连衣裙要多久准备好?---一周。
How long问某动作或某状态持续多久多长时间。常用for短语回答,for可省略。
---How long did you stay there? ---Only two days. 你在那呆了多久?---只是两天。
[练习] 中译英
1). 你多久去游泳一次?
_____________________________________________________________________________________
2). 你等了多久了?
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Keys:
1). How often do you go swimming?
2). How long did you wait?
2. No other countries could join in, nor could slaves or women. 没有别的国家能参加,奴隶和妇女也不能参加。
[解释] “neither/nor + be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语”意为“……也不”,承接前面的否定句,用倒装语序。如:
I can't afford a new car, neither/nor can he.
我买不起新车,他也是。
“so+ be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语”意为“……也”,承接前面的肯定句,用倒装语序。
如:
He is tired and so are you. 他累了, 我们也累了。
[练习] 中译英
1). 如果你们今晚去看电影,我也去。
_____________________________________________________________________________________
2). 我以前没去过上海, 我妹妹也没去过。
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Keys:
1). If you go to the cinema tonight, so will I.
2). I haven't been to Shanghai before and neither has my sister.
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