幻灯片 1Unit 3 Back to the past 回到过去
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幻灯片 2话题之九——团队合作
三年3考
[2011湖北]请根据以下提示，结合你校园生活中的一个事例，就“与人合作”这一话题，用英语写一篇短文。
Working in groups at school is an opportunity to learn more about teamwork. Teamwork shows us how other people’s roles fit the purpose of the group, and it teaches us to be patient and how to respond to different people.
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幻灯片 3 注意：①无须写标题，不得照抄英语提示语；②除诗歌外，文体不限；③内容必须结合校园生活中的一个事例；④文中不得透露个人姓名和学校名称；⑤词数为100左右。
Years of school life has taught me a lot of things, of which teamwork is the most important for me.
In fact, I didn’t realize its importance until I was chosen monitor of my class in my senior middle school. At first, I did most of the duties myself while other students cared little about class activities. As a result, I was tired out and depressed. Then I turned to my teacher and he advised me to cooperate
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幻灯片 4with others. Thus I began to recognize the strengths of my classmates and have everyone do their part in class.
It is working in teams instead of on my own that has freed me of trouble and made my work more efficient.
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幻灯片 51. 本文为校园团队合作话题的写作，命题形式独特且要求明确，学生不容易写跑题，容易完成。
①第一段直接点明团队合作的重要意义。
②第二段结合自己的校园生活实例说明团队合作的重要性。
③第三段再次强调团队合作的重要意义。
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幻灯片 62. 全文行文流畅，句式变化多样，用词高级而地道。
①高级词汇和短语：be tired out, depressed, strengths, on my own, free sb. of sth. , efficient
②高级句型：of which, It is. . . that. . .
③语篇过渡语：in fact, at first, while, as a result, then, thus
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幻灯片 7【佳作习得】用强调句型改写句子
Our attitude towards study instead of our ability counts.
It’s our attitude towards study instead of our ability that counts.
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幻灯片 8Ⅰ. 单词盘点
根据词性和汉语意思写出词汇
1. _______(vi. ) (火山等)爆发
2. _________ (vt. ) 装饰，装潢
3. _____(vt. &vi. ) 逃避，逃跑；迅速离开
4. ______(n. ) 废墟；毁坏
(vt. ) 破坏，毁灭
erupt
decorate
flee
ruin
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幻灯片 95.________ (n. ) 遗物，遗迹，遗骸
6. ________(vi. ) 爆炸
7. ________ (vt. ) 宣布，宣称
8. ________ (adj. ) 意识到的，知道的；察觉到的
9. ________(vt. ) 使腐化，使堕落
(adj. ) 贪污的；腐败的
10. ______ (n. ) 法官，审判员；裁判员
remains
explode
declare
aware
corrupt
judge
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幻灯片 1011._________ (adj. )极度的；极端的→__________ (adv. )极其；极端
12. _________(vi. )抱怨→ ___________ (n. )抱怨
13. _________(adj. )历史的；与历史研究相关的→ _________ (n. )历史
14. _________(n. )解决办法，解答→_______ (vt. )解决，解答
15. ___________ (n. )表达；表情，神色→_________ (vt. )表达
extreme
extremely
complain
complaint
historical
history
solution
solve
expression
express
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幻灯片 1116. __________(adj. )强有力的→ __________ (n. )权力
17. __________(n. )水手，海员→__________ (v. )航行
18. __________(vt. )教育→ __________ (n. )教育
19. ________(n. )基础；基准；原因→________(n. &vt. )基地；
以……为基地
20. __________(n. )毒药，毒物；(vt. )毒害，下毒→ __________ (adj. )有毒的→__________ (n. )中毒
powerful
power
sailor
sail
educate
education
basis
base
poison
poisonous
poisoning
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幻灯片 12【品词自测】根据所给词的适当形式填空
①A number of __________about the standard of service on Britain’s railways are received and many people are
____________. (complain)
②They use their culture as a _________weapon for maintaining their class rule, and the _______is great. (power)
complaints
complaining
complaining
powerful
power
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幻灯片 13Ⅱ. 短语回放
1. 纪念 ______________
2. 无疑，确实 ______________
3. 阻碍(某人) __________________
4. 患(病) ______________
5. 夺取；接管 ______________
6. 被埋在；专心做 ______________
in memory of
no doubt
stand in one’s path
come down with
take over
be buried in
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幻灯片 147. 结果是 _____________
8. 分解；(车)抛锚 _____________
9. 砍倒 _____________
10. 扑灭 _____________
11. 经历 _____________
12. 状态良好 _________________
13. 执行 _____________
14. 既然 _____________
15. 反抗 _______________
16. 受够了 _______________
turn out
break down
cut down
put out
go through
in good condition
carry out
now that
rise up against
have enough of
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幻灯片 15Ⅲ. 句式扫描
1. Many people were buried alive, and _______________(整个城市也被埋没).
2. ______________(人们认为) have been gradually covered over by sandstorms from AD 200 to AD 400.
3. I _________________(非常高兴) be here！
4. The desert was once a green land with huge trees, but they were cut down and that ______________________________(导致了这座城市被掩埋) by sand—what a pity!
5. Then, on 24 August, the mountain exploded, _____________
____________(喷出一团火山灰).
so was the city
It is believed to
am so excited to
resulted in the city being buried
pouring out a
cloud of ash
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幻灯片 16【仿句自测】根据下面句式仿写句子
①so+be动词/do助动词+主语，意为 “……也是如此”
仿写：我父亲喜欢画画，我也是。
My father likes painting, and so do I.
②. . . be believed to do. . . 意为“人们认为……”
仿写：人们认为这幅画是李明画的。
The picture is believed to have been drawn by Li Ming.
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幻灯片 17③主语+be+adj. +不定式
仿写：这本书很难读。
The book is hard to read.
④动名词的复合结构
仿写：我对汤姆被惩罚感到难过。
I feel sad at Tom being punished.
⑤分词短语作结果状语
仿写：他学习刻苦，最终获得一等奖。
He studied very hard, winning the first prize at last.
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幻灯片 191. flee vt. &vi. 逃避，逃跑；迅速离开
flee (from). . . 从……逃跑
flee to/into. . . 逃到……
flee from responsibility 逃避责任
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幻灯片 20①The customers fled from the bank when the alarm sounded.
警报响起, 顾客纷纷从银行逃走。
②It’s a shame to flee from responsibility.
逃避责任是可耻的。
③During the civil war thousands of people____ ___ ________.
在内战期间成千上万的人逃离了这个国家。
fled the country
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幻灯片 212. ruin n. [C pl. ]废墟，遗迹；[U]破坏，毁坏
v. 破坏，(使)毁灭，(使)毁坏；(使)破产
fall into ruin 毁灭，灭亡；荒废
go/come to ruin 毁灭，崩溃
be/lie in ruins (建筑物)破败不堪; (人的生命等) 垮掉
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幻灯片 22①The castle has fallen into ruin.
那座城堡已经破败不堪了。
②The big building lay in ruins after that fire.
火灾过后, 那幢大楼成了一片废墟。
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幻灯片 23【辨析】理解下列区别并选词填空
泛指一般性的破坏，被损坏后不能再修复，强调破坏的长期结果。现多用于比喻“(对人生、理想、名声等的)破坏”。
指彻底毁坏，不能或很难修复，也可用于比喻意，指“打破(希望、计划等)”。
多用于无生命的东西，指对价值、功能的破坏，外表损坏等，一般可以修复。固定短语do/cause damage to. . . (对……造成损害)。
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幻灯片 24③The tsunami __________almost the whole city.
④His digital camera got __________when it fell to the ground. But luckily he got it repaired.
destroyed
damaged
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幻灯片 25【助记】
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幻灯片 26Drinking was his father’s ruin and it will be the ruin of him too! Because of drunk driving, his career is in ruins.
酗酒毁了他父亲，他也将遭受同样的厄运。由于酒后驾驶，他已前途尽毁。
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幻灯片 273. remains n. 遗物，遗迹，遗骸
(1)the remains of. . . ……的遗迹
(2)remain v. 留下；仍然是
remain + adj. /n. /分词/介词短语 保持
remain to be done 有待于被做
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幻灯片 28①This is the remains of a temple. 这是一所寺庙的废墟。
②In spite of the danger they remained calm.
尽管有危险, 但他们一直保持冷静。
③Many questions have to be settled and much ______ __ __ _____
in our educational work.
我们的教育工作有许多问题要解决, 有许多事情要做。
remains to be done
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幻灯片 294. complain vi. 抱怨
complain(to sb. )about/of sth. /that-clause
(向某人)抱怨……
complain of sth. 诉说(病痛等)
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幻灯片 30①She complained to me about his rudeness.
她向我抱怨他的粗鲁。
②The Beijing citizens complained of not being able to breathe fresh air because of the thick fog last year.
去年由于浓雾北京市民抱怨不能呼吸新鲜空气。
③He ___________ __ the waiter ____ his meal was cold.
他向服务员抱怨说饭菜是凉的。
complained to
that
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幻灯片 315. declare vt. 宣布，宣称；声明
declare for/against. . . 声明支持/反对……
declare to sb. /sth. that-clause 向……宣布某事
declare sb. /sth. to be +adj. /n. 宣布……为……；断
言……
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幻灯片 32①Brett declared to us that he had done the work himself.
布莱特向我们声明那工作是他自己做的。
②The workers declared for the offer of a pay increase.
工人们拥护提高工资的提议。
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幻灯片 33【辨析】理解下列区别并选词填空
“宣布；宣告”, 指就某事正式、公开地做出明确的说明；其后可接名词、从句、复合结构及介词against / for短语。
“宣布；发表；通知”，指首次宣布人们所关心的事，通常是关于生死、结婚、灾害信息或客人的到来等；其后常接名词、从句作宾语。
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幻灯片 34③President Obama is preparing to ___________his new plan on Tuesday.
④The country had no other choice but to ________war on their enemy.
announce
declare
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幻灯片 35【熟词生义】根据语境选择最佳汉语意思
I have a laptop computer. Do I have to declare it at the customs?
A. 宣布 B. 声明 C. 申报(纳税物)
答案：C
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幻灯片 366. aware adj. 意识到的，知道的；察觉到的
①She was well aware of the fact, but she could not face it yet.
她充分意识到那一事实, 可是她不能正视它。
②He is quite aware that pronunciation is very important to a language student.
他完全意识到对一位学语言的学生来说发音的重要性。
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幻灯片 37【归纳】
_____________ 意识到……(后接n. , doing, pron. )
_____________ ____ 意识到……(后接从句)
be aware of
be aware that. . .
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幻灯片 387. judge n. 法官，审判员；裁判员
v. 断定；裁决，评定；审判
(1)judging by/from 根据……来判断
(2)judge+n. /pron. +(to be/as)+n. /adj.
判断……是……
［通常用被动语态：be judged+(to be/as)+n. /adj. ］
(3)judge+n. /pron. + to do/have done/be doing
断定……做/已做了/在做……
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幻灯片 39①He judged it to be the best play he had ever seen.
他认为它是他看过的最好的戏剧。
②She judged them to have finished the work.
她断定他们已经干完工作了。
③________ ___ the response of the audience, the performance was quite a success.
从观众的反应看来, 这次演出相当成功。
Judging by
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幻灯片 408. take over 夺取；接管
①Henry has taken over the running of the family firm from his old father．
亨利从年迈的父亲手里接管了自家的商行。
②They have taken over many European ways of life．
他们已沿用了许多欧洲的生活方式。
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幻灯片 41【拓展】根据汉语意思写出下列短语
__________ 解除，消除；减少
__________ 收回，带回
__________ 脱下，起飞，成功
__________ 吸收，接纳，欺骗
__________ 呈现，雇用
__________ 拿起，占据，着手处理
take away
take back
take off
take in
take on
take up
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幻灯片 429. carry out执行
①It is often easier to make plans than to _____ _____ ____．
常常是制订计划容易，执行计划难。
carry them out
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幻灯片 43【拓展】
carry away 运走；拿走；冲走；使……变得 很激动
carry off 获得(奖项)；成功地应付
carry on 进行下去；继续开展
②______ ___ with your work while I’m away.
我不在时你要接着干。
Carry on
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幻灯片 44
10. in memory of纪念
A monument has been set up in memory of their dear teacher. 为了纪念他们敬爱的老师，他们已经竖起了一块纪念碑。
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幻灯片 45【拓展】补全下列短语
in _____of 万一
in ________of 掌管，负责
in ________of 寻找
in ________of 赞成；有利于；支持
in ________of 为了纪念，为了表示敬意
in _______of 需要
in _______of 赞扬
case
charge
search
favour
honour
need
praise
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幻灯片 4611. come down with患(病)
Many children in the kindergarten came down with the flu．
幼儿园的许多孩子都患了流行性感冒。
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幻灯片 47【拓展】根据汉语意思写出下列短语
_____________ 想出，提出
_____________ 进展，与……相处
_____________ 逃走；侥幸逃脱
_____________ 忍受
come up with
get along with
get away with
put up with
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幻灯片 4812. The desert was once a green land with huge trees, but they were cut down and that resulted in the city being buried by sand—what a pity!
这片沙漠曾是一块长着参天大树的绿色土地，但是它们被砍倒了，这导致了这座城市被风沙覆盖——多么遗憾啊！
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幻灯片 49本句是由but连接的并列句，其中包含了动名词的复合结构作resulted in的宾语。
在动名词复合结构中，用普通格或所有格，一般遵循下列规定：
(1)若动名词复合结构在句中作主语，最好用所有格形式。
(2)若动名词复合结构在句中作宾语，用普通格或所有格均可。
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幻灯片 50①Tom’s refusing to accept the invitation upset me.
汤姆拒绝接受邀请让我很生气。
②I am annoyed about ___ ________________ _________ to pay.
我对我弟弟忘记付钱很恼火。
my brother/brother’s forgetting
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幻灯片 51(1)doubt的句型
(2)bury分词作状语
(3)adj. +不定式
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幻灯片 521. ［2012上海模拟］There is little doubt _______you will be able to judge truth and error if you have confidence in yourself.
A．that B．who C．when D．if
【解析】选A。doubt用作名词时，在肯定句中，其后从句常用whether引导；在否定句和疑问句中使用that引导从句。此处that无意义，也不作成分。
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幻灯片 532. ［2012厦门模拟］_______ himself in the newspaper, he didn’t notice what was happening.
A. Having buried B. Buried
C. Burying D. To be buried
【解析】选C。考查非谓语动词。句意：因为在埋头读报，他没有注意到正在发生的事情。bury oneself in专心于，埋头于，bury与主句的主语构成主谓关系，且动词bury与主句的动作同时发生，故要用burying。
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幻灯片 543. ［2011福建，27］The difference in thickness and weight from the earlier version makes the iPad 2 more comfortable________.
A. held B. holding
C. be held D. to hold
【解析】选D。句意：与早期的版本厚度与重量的不同使得iPad 2拿着更舒服。make+sth. +adj. +to do“使某事做起来……”。
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幻灯片 55----
幻灯片 56 首尾相顾，解疑释惑
首句是一个完整的句子，它提供的信息是把握全文主旨的关键，是理解全文大意的一扇窗户，所以理解首句信息显得很重要。一般情况下，高考完形填空首句不设空。少数情况下，即使设空，也是在句子末尾，不影响考生对句意的把握。
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幻灯片 57
［2011浙江］Although I love my life, it hasn’t been a lot of fun as I’ve been ill for 28 years.
Music has always been a great love of mine and, in my 20s, when my 21 was more manageable, I. . .
21. A. loneliness B. sadness
C. tiredness D. sickness
【真题连连看①】
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幻灯片 58【步步精析】
21. 选D。从首句可知：尽管我热爱自己的生活，但生活没有乐趣，因为我已经病了28年。而第21空正好与“I’ve been ill”相呼应，指病情得到控制时，我做了什么事。
同理，文章的尾句对文章主题及部分题的正确选择也具有很大的提示作用！
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幻灯片 59【真题连连看②】
［2010江苏］What power 53 has! . . .
You can communicate that power to anyone who needs it. This is probably the greatest work you can do with your enthusiasm.
53. A. enthusiasm B. sympathy
C. fortune D. confidence
【步步精析】
53. 选A。尾句和首句一样，对此题也有提示作用。
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幻灯片 60名词性从句
名词性从句是语法学习的重点内容，也是高考必考内容。对名词性从句的考查主要集中在连接词和连接代(副)词的选择上。复习备考时应着重以下几方面：1. that和what的辨析；2. if和whether在引导名词性从句时的区别；3. 名词性从句和强调句型及其他句式的综合运用。
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幻灯片 611. ［2011四川, 10］Our teachers always tell us to believe in _______we do and who we are if we want to succeed.
A. why B. how C. what D. which
【解析】选C。考查宾语从句。句意: 我们的老师们总是告诉我们，如果想要成功，就要相信我们所做的事情以及我们是谁。believe in 之后是两个并列的宾语从句，在第一个从句里，动词do 缺少宾语，所以用what 。故选C。
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幻灯片 622. ［2011山东, 26］I’m afraid he’s more of a talker than a doer, which is _______he never finishes anything.
A. that B. when C. where D. why
【解析】选D。考查表语从句。句意：恐怕他在很大程度上是一个空谈的人而不是一个干实事的人，这就是他一事无成的原因。根据句子语法结构，why在句中用来引导表语从句。其他连词与句子语意不符。
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幻灯片 633. ［2011江西, 26］The villagers have already known _______we’ll do is to rebuild the bridge.
A. this B. that C. what D. which
【解析】选C。考查宾语从句。句意：村民们已经知道我们将要做的事情是重建这座桥。后面的宾语从句的主语从句中缺少宾语且指物，所以选择what。
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幻灯片 644. ［2011陕西, 15］I’d like to start my own business—that’s_______ I’d do if I had the money.
A. thy B. then C. which D. what
【解析】选D。考查表语从句。句意：如果我有钱，我会自己做买卖，那就是我想做的事情。句中what在表语从句中充当宾语。what I’d do“我所愿意做的事情”。
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幻灯片 655. ［2011湖南, 31］Before a problem can be solved, it must be obvious_________the problem itself is.
A. what B. that C. which D. why
【解析】选A。考查主语从句。句意：在解决问题之前必须弄清楚问题本身是什么。句中的it是形式主语，代替what引导的主语从句，what在主语从句中充当表语。
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幻灯片 666. ［2011安徽, 33］His writing is so confusing that it’s difficult to make out_______it is he is trying to express.
A. that B. how C. who D. what
【解析】选D。考查宾语从句。 句意：他的作文如此令人困惑以至于很难搞清楚他想表达什么。宾语从句中缺少宾语，故用what。that在宾语从句中不作成分；how为连接副词，不能作宾语；who指人，不符合语境。
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幻灯片 677. ［2011江苏, 26］It was never clear_______the man hadn’t reported the accident sooner.
A. that B. how C. when D. why
【解析】选D。考查主语从句。句意：这个人为什么没有尽快报告这个事故，还不清楚。根据句意可知主语从句中缺少原因状语，故用why。that引导主语从句不作句子成分；how作方式状语；when作时间状语，均不合句意。
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幻灯片 688. ［2011重庆, 34］It is not always easy for the public to see _______use a new invention can be of to human life.
A. whose B. what C. which D. that
【解析】选B。考查宾语从句。句意：对于公众来说，要想知道一项新的发明对人类的生活有什么用处并不总是一件容易的事。此句中，it为形式主语，不定式短语是真正的主语，其中 _____ use a new invention can be of to human life是see的宾语从句，其正常语序为a new invention can be of ______ use to human life，引导宾语从句时，whose 修饰名词，表示“谁的”；what 修饰名词，表示“什么”；which 修饰名词，表示“哪个，哪些”；that后面不能接名词。由此可以看出该空填what，what use“什么用处”，故选B。
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幻灯片 699. ［2011北京，22］________Barbara Jones offers to her fans is honesty and happiness.
A. Which B. What C. That D. Whom
【解析】选B。考查主语从句。句意：芭芭拉•琼斯提供给她的狂热仰慕者的是诚实和快乐。offer sth. to sb. 给某人提供某物，由此可知从句中offer后面缺少宾语，应用what来作宾语并引导从句，故选B。
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幻灯片 7010. ［2011天津，13］Modern science has given clear evidence ________smoking can lead to many diseases.
A. what B. which C. that D. where
【解析】选C。考查名词性从句。句意：现代科学已给出了明显的证据，吸烟会导致许多疾病。smoking can lead to many diseases是evidence的同位语。解释说明evidence的内容所以应选连词that, that引导同位语从句不作句子成分，且不可省略。
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幻灯片 7111. ［2011山东, 33］We’ve offered her the job, but I don’t know ________she’ll accept it.
A. where B. what C. whether D. which
【解析】选C。考查宾语从句。句意：我们已经为她提供了这份工作，但我不知道她是否会接受。选项中whether引导宾语从句表示是否，where表示地点；what往往在名词性从句中指“……的人或物”；which表示“哪一个”。
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幻灯片 7212. ［2011重庆, 22］It is still under discussion _______the old bus station should be replaced with a modern hotel or not.
A. whether B. when C. which D. where
【解析】选 A。考查主语从句。句意：旧汽车站是否应该被重建为现代化的宾馆仍然在商讨中。引导名词性从句时，A项意为“是否”，并且能与or not连用；B项意为“……的时间”；C项意为“哪一个，哪一些”；D项意为“……的地点”。此句中，it为形式主语，后面从句为真正的主语，由句意以及后面的or not可知选A。
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幻灯片 7313. ［2011北京, 31］The shocking news made me realize ________terrible problems we would face.
A. what B. how C. that D. why
【解析】选A。考查宾语从句。句意：这条令人震惊的消息使我意识到我们会面临着多么可怕的问题。宾语从句为感叹句：“what(+a/an)+形容词+名词+主语+谓语”结构，故答案为A。
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幻灯片 7414. ［2011上海，35］There is clear evidence ________ the most difficult feeling of all to interpret is bodily pain.
A. what B. if C. how D. that
【解析】选D。考查同位语从句。句意：有确定的证据证明最难诠释的感觉是身体上的疼痛。分析句子结构可知the most difficult feeling of all to interpret is bodily pain作evidence的同位语，因此引导词要用that，that在同位语从句中不作成分，且不能省略。
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幻灯片 7515. ［2010全国卷Ⅰ，33］We haven’t discussed yet_______we are going to place our new furniture.
A. that B. which C. what D. where
【解析】选D。句意：我们还没有商量将把我们的新家具放在哪儿。通过分析从句中的结构，可判断出填空处需要连接副词。where在名词性从句中作地点状语且符合句意，故D项正确。
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幻灯片 7616. ［2010上海, 37］When changing lanes, a driver should use his turning signal to let other drivers know______.
A. he is entering which lane
B. which lane he is entering
C. is he entering which lane
D. which lane is he entering
【解析】选B。句意：在转换车道时，司机应当使用转向信号灯，以使其他司机知道他要转向哪个车道。动词或介词后的宾语从句应该用陈述语序，故选B。
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幻灯片 7717. ［2010四川，14］How much one enjoys himself travelling depends largely on_______he goes with, whether his friends or relatives.
A. what B. who C. how D. why
【解析】选B。句意：一个人旅游多么享受在很大程度上取决于他和谁去，是他的朋友还是亲戚。根据句中的 whether his friends or relatives可知应是和谁去，故选项B正确。
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幻灯片 7818. ［2010福建，35］We should respect food and think about the people who don’t have _______ we have here and treat food nicely.
A. that B. which C. what D. whether
【解析】选C。分析句子结构可知，所填的词引导宾语从句，而且在宾语从句中作have的宾语，所以what符合要求。which引导名词性从句时，意思是“哪一个；哪一些”，通常有一个选择的范围，与语境不符。
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幻灯片 7919. ［2010浙江，9］It is uncertain________side effect the medicine will bring about, although about two thousand patients have taken it.
A. that B. what C. how D. whether
【解析】选B。 考查主语从句用法。句意：虽然大约有2 000位病人服用过这种药，但是它到底会带来什么副作用还不可知。what side effect在此处作bring about的宾语。
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幻灯片 8020. ［2009全国卷Ⅰ, 24］Could I speak to_______is in charge of International Sales please?
A. who B. what C. whoever D. whatever
【解析】选C。考查宾语从句。句意：我能与主管国际销售的人交谈吗？宾语从句中缺少主语并且指人，排除选项B和D。who虽可引导宾语从句，但表疑问，不符合语境。此处whoever=anyone who。
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幻灯片 81表1 名词性从句的连接词
连接词that, whether, if。that在句中只起连接作用，不作成分，有时可省略；whether和if不充当成分，意为“是否”，均不能省略。
主语从句
(1)句首that不能省略。由that引导的主语从句，通常用it作形式主语。
(2)whether引导的主语从句既可放在句首也可放在句末，但if引导的主语从句只能放在句末，前面需用it作形式主语。
①It is very important that we must master English words as many as possible.
②Whether it is true remains a question.
③It is unknown if he will attend the meeting.
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幻灯片 82
宾语从句
(1)that引导宾语从句在口语和非正式文体中常省略。
(2)及物动词后跟两个(或两个以上)宾语从句时只有第一个that可以省略。
(3)if与whether可互换。后面直接跟or not时用whether不用if。作介词宾语时一般用whether。
discuss后必须用whether引导的宾语从句。
①He said (that)the text was important and that we should recite it.
②We don’t know whether or not she was ready.
③I’m interested in whether you’ve finished the work.
连接词that, whether, if。that在句中只起连接作用，不作成分，有时可省略；whether和if不充当成分，意为“是否”，均不能省略。
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幻灯片 83表语从句
(1)that一般不省略。
(2)常用whether而不用if。
①The trouble is that we are short of money.
②The question is whether it is worth doing.
同位语从句
(1)that一般不能省略。
(2)常用whether而不用if。
①The fact that Shenzhou Ⅷ has been launched successfully makes the Chinese people happy.
②The question whether the work was worth doing has not been decided.
连接词that, whether, if。that在句中只起连接作用，不作成分，有时可省略；whether和if不充当成分，意为“是否”，均不能省略。
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幻灯片 84主语从句
宾语从句
(1)从句中用陈述语序。
(2)连接词在句中有各自的意义，不能省略。
(3)连接代词在从句中作主语、表语、宾语或定语。
(4)连接副词在从句中作状语。
连接代词who, whom, whose, which, what, whatever, whichever和连接副词where, when, why, how。
表语从句
同位语从句
①What he said is very important to us.
②Whoever breaks the law will be punished.
①Pay attention to what the teacher said.
②Do you know when the meeting will begin?
①The problem seemed how we could make him understand it.
②That is why he caught a cold yesterday.
①I had no idea who had stolen the money.
②I have no idea how he will come.
③The news came that we would have three holidays off.
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幻灯片 85表2 名词性从句注意事项
主
语
从
句
1. 用it作形式主语的常用句型有：
(1)It+系动词+形容词(necessary/right/likely/unlikely/wrong/ important/ certain等)+that从句
(2)It+be+名词(短语)(a pity/a shame/no wonder等)+that从句
(3)It+be+过去分词(said/told/reported/decided等)+that从句
(4)It+特殊动词(seems, appears, happens, matters)+that从句
2. 在It is necessary/important/suggested/advised/ordered+that从句结构中，从句用“(should+)动词原形”
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幻灯片 86宾
语
从
句
主句的主语是第一人称单数，谓语为表示“认为，相信，猜测”的动词think, believe, suppose, expect等, 这时其后的宾语若含有否定意义，一般要把否定词移到主句谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式。
有些动词带宾语从句时习惯上需要在宾语从句前加it, 这类动词(短语)有: hate, enjoy, like, love, dislike, appreciate, see to, insist on, depend on等。
一般情况下介词后只能用wh-类连接词引导宾语从句，但except, in, but等也可跟that引导的宾语从句。其他介词后面需要用that从句作宾语时，必须用it作形式宾语。
动词find, feel, think, consider, make, believe等后有宾语补足语时，需用it作形式宾语而将that宾语从句后置。
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幻灯片 87宾
语
从
句
在demand/desire/insist/order/propose/recommend/require/suggest/
request/advise/command等表示要求、愿望、命令、建议等动词后，that从句中常用(should+)动词原形。
在由doubt, doubtful引导的宾语从句中，如果主句为肯定句，宾语从句的连接词用whether/if, 在否定句或疑问句中，宾语从句的连接词常用that。
主句是现在时态时，宾语从句的时态根据情况而定，主句是过去时态时，宾语从句须用与过去有关的时态，除非宾语从句叙述的是真理、客观事实或谚语。
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幻灯片 88表语
从句
和同
位语
从句
主句的主语是idea, advice, suggestion, order, request, requirement等名词时, 表语从句的谓语用“(should+)动词原形”形式。
在order, suggestion, advice等名词后的同位语从句中，谓语动词要用“(should+)动词原形”形式。
主语为名词reason时，表语从句中的连接词用that。
as if/though, because，why也可以引导表语从句，其中as if/though引导的从句既可用陈述语气也可用虚拟语气。
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幻灯片 89特别
提醒
1. that引导的同位语从句与定语从句的区别
(1)that引导同位语从句时，不充当任何成分且不能省略；that引导定语从句时，that在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。作宾语时可以省略。
(2)that引导的同位语从句说明名词的具体内容，与其所说明的名词之间是同位关系；that引导的定语从句说明先行词的性质特征，与先行词之间是修饰与被修饰的关系，即从属关系。
(3)同位语从句所说明的名词只限于抽象的具有具体内容或信息的名词；定语从句的先行词无范围限制。
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幻灯片 90特别
提醒
2. wh-ever与no matter wh-的用法区别：
wh-ever既可引导名词性从句，又可引导让步状语从句；而no matter wh-只能引导让步状语从句。
3. A is to B what C is to D. 是一个句型，意为“A对B而言正如C对D一样。”
Air is to us what water is to fish.
空气之于我们就如同水之于鱼一样重要。
4. 下列两种情况常用it作形式主语：
(1)含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时: Has it been decided where we will perform the experiment?
(2)在It does not matter +how, whether, if. . . 结构中: It does not matter to me whether he is going there or not.
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幻灯片 911. Mike didn’t understand _______ made his wife so upset this morning.
A. what was it that
B. what it was that
C. how that was
D. why it was that
【解析】选B。考查名词性从句和强调句型。句意：迈克就是不明白到底是什么让他夫人今天上午焦急不安。what引导宾语从句。强调句型强调宾语从句的主语，用陈述语序。故选B。
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幻灯片 922. ［2012成都模拟］These shoes look very good. I wonder_______ .
A. how much cost they are
B. how much do they cost
C. how much they cost
D. how much are they cost
【解析】选C。考查宾语从句。句意：这些鞋看起来很好。我想知道它们要多少钱。cost 为实义动词，排除选项A和D；宾语从句应该使用陈述语序，排除B项，故选C。
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幻灯片 933. ［2012洛阳模拟］What I want to tell you is_______I’ve made a decision that I will give up the job.
A. this B. that C. those D. these
【解析】选B。考查表语从句。句意：我想告诉你的是我已决定放弃这个工作。表语从句中的that只起连接作用但不能省略。
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幻灯片 944. ［2012重庆模拟］— I prefer shutting myself in and listening to music all day on Sundays.
— That’s _______ I don’t agree. You should have a more active life.
A. where B. what C. when D. how
【解析】选A。考查表语从句。句意：——周日我喜欢把自己关在屋里整天听音乐。——那就是我不同意你的地方。你应该有更活跃的生活。agree是不及物动词，后面不接宾语，排除B项，同时上下文中并没有涉及方式和时间方面的信息，所以排除C和D。在某方面与某人观点不一致应是指抽象的地点，所以用where引导表语从句。
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幻灯片 955. There is no doubt _______ international cooperation is the key to _______ with cyber crime.
A. whether; doing B. that; dealing
C. whether; do D. that; do
【解析】选B。考查同位语从句和非谓语动词。句意：毫无疑问，国际合作是对付网络犯罪的关键所在。There is no doubt that. . . 毫无疑问；the key to. . . ……的关键，to 是介词，故用动名词。
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幻灯片 966.______ some teenagers don’t realize is _______ difficult life can be after they get addicted to drugs.
A. That; how B. Which; what a
C. What; what D. What; how
【解析】选D。考查名词性从句。句意：一些青少年没有意识到的是吸毒成瘾后生活是多么艰难。主语从句里面缺少宾语，故排除A；which意为“哪一个(些)”，不符合语境，排除B项；在感叹句中，how修饰形容词或副词，而what修饰名词，排除选项C，故选D。
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幻灯片 977. More than 100 students have entered for the competition and ________gains the most points will be the winner.
A. anyone B. the one
C. that D. whoever
【解析】选D。考查主语从句。句意：100多名学生参加了比赛，得分最多的将成为获胜者。whoever无论是谁, 引导主语从句并在从句中充当主语，可以用anyone who替换。
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幻灯片 988. ［2012聊城模拟］After_______ seemed a long time, they finally arrived at the destination.
A. what B. it C. that D. which
【解析】选A。考查宾语从句。句意：过了好像好久，他们才最终到达了目的地。what引导的宾语从句作介词after的宾语, what在从句中作主语。
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幻灯片 999. ［2012长沙模拟］Now comes the announcement from Apple, one of the world’s best-known companies, _______Steve Jobs-who is considered a leading figure in both the computer and entertainment industries—passed away, shocking all of us.
A．that B．which C．one D．what
【解析】选A。考查名词性从句。that引导同位语从句，说明announcement的内容。
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幻灯片 10010. ［2012哈尔滨模拟］—Why do you think the film star is getting less popular?
—I guess the way she wears is________ annoys her fans most.
A. which B. where C. how D. what
【解析】选D。考查表语从句。what 引导的名词性从句在句中作表语，而且what 在从句中作主语。答句语意：我猜她的穿着方式是最让她的粉丝们恼火的。
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幻灯片 10111. ［2012沈阳模拟］—How are you getting along with your project?
—I was about to give up when an idea occurred to me______ I could work with my roommate Tim.
A. that B. how C. why D. whether
【解析】选A。考查同位语从句。从句I could work with my roommate Tim 句意完整，不缺少成分，因此使用that引导同位语从句，解释说明idea 的内容。
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幻灯片 10212. ［2012北京模拟］_______we will do is to leave a note to tell mum we will be back late.
A. Whether B. What C. That D. How
【解析】选B。考查主语从句。句意：我们将要做的是，留张纸条给妈妈，告诉她我们将晚点儿回来。what 引导主语从句并在从句中作宾语。
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幻灯片 10313. Up to now, I haven’t got any idea ______we should go on with the project.
A. that B. whether C. what D. which
【解析】选B。考查同位语从句。根据句中的“I haven’t got any idea”可知说话人不知道“是否”应该继续这项工程，故选B，引导同位语从句，解释说明idea的内容。A项只起连接作用，没有任何意义，故排除。
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幻灯片 10414. ______seems to be no possibility ______ Li Hua can win the first prize in the 100-meter race.
A. It; that B. There; that
C. There; whether D. It; whether
【解析】选B。考查固定句式和同位语从句。第一空是There seems to be 的固定表达；第二空是that引导的同位语从句，补充说明possibility的具体内容。故选B。
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幻灯片 10515. ［2012沈阳模拟］—The patient looks much better.
—______ is it that has made him ______ he is today？
A. What; that B. That; that
C. What; what D. What; which
【解析】选C。考查强调句和宾语从句。问句的意思是“是什么让他成为今天的状况的呢？”本句是强调句型的特殊疑问句形式，被强调部分是主语，故第一空用what；第二空what 在从句中作表语。
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幻灯片 10616. In the past, the respect for teachers was driven by the belief _______they were reliable sources of knowledge.
A. what B. that C. why D. whether
【解析】选B。考查同位语从句。that 引导the belief后的同位语从句，此处that本身无含义，在从句中不充当任何成分，只起连接作用。
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幻灯片 10717. ［2012福州模拟］_______is known to us all is that the Chinese government has spared no efforts to protect people from fake food.
A. As B. It C. That D. What
【解析】选D。考查主语从句。what在这里引导主语从句，此题要注意分析句子结构，主语从句缺少主语，所以选D。如果题目改为：①______is known to us all, the Chinese government has spared no efforts to protect people from fake food. 此空应用As，As引导非限制性定语从句；②______ is known to us all that the Chinese government has spared no efforts to protect people from fake food. 此空应用It, It作形式主语。
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幻灯片 10818. ［2012合肥模拟］At the evening party the host said ______ was able to solve the riddle could get a nice present as a reward.
A. whoever B. who
C. no matter who D. whomever
【解析】选A。考查主语从句。此处whoever = anyone who 引导主语从句，who可以引导主语从句但表疑问而whomever 在句子中只能作宾语。no matter who 只引导让步状语从句。
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幻灯片 10919. The other day, my father drove his car at ______ I thought was a dangerous speed.
A. as B. that C. which D. what
【解析】选D。考查宾语从句。句意：前几天，我父亲开着车以我认为危险的速度行驶。at为介词，后边的从句为宾语从句，先排除as。I thought 为插入语，从句中明显缺主语，再排除that。which 在名词性从句中的词义为“哪一个”，而此句中不是此意，故选D。
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幻灯片 11020. ［2012北京模拟］I persuaded my parents _______ we should go to Italy for a holiday rather than Scotland.
A. what B. that C. where D. how
【解析】选B。考查宾语从句。句意：我说服了父母我们应该去意大利而不是苏格兰度假。分析句式结构可知，从句中不缺少任何成分，因此选that。
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幻灯片 11121. It is _______Tom often breaks the school rules ______ makes teacher unsatisfied with him.
A. what; that B. that; what
C. that; that D. which; that
【解析】选C。考查强调句型和主语从句。句意：是汤姆经常违反学校规定才让他的老师对他不满意的。本句是强调句型，被强调部分是主语从句that Tom often breaks the school rules。
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幻灯片 11222. You should explore your talents so as to find out _____ your real interests lie.
A. what B. which C. where D. how
【解析】选C。考查宾语从句。句意：你应该挖掘你的才能为的是发现你的真正兴趣所在。此处是由where引导的宾语从句，作find out 的宾语，where 在从句中作地点状语。所以选C。
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幻灯片 11323. ［2012合肥模拟］I have no idea _______ the journalist could have got his information from.
A. that B. why C. which D. where
【解析】选D。考查同位语从句。根据句意“我不知道那个记者从哪里得到的信息”可知，此处应用where引导同位语从句，解释idea 的具体内容，所以这里选D。
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幻灯片 11424. What the doctors really doubt is ______ my mother will recover from the serious disease soon.
A. when B. if C. whether D. what
【解析】选C。考查表语从句。句意：医生真正怀疑的是我母亲是否可以很快从这种严重的疾病中康复。后半句是whether 引导的表语从句。
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幻灯片 11525. —Don’t you believe me?
—_______, I’ll believe_______you say.
A. Yes; whatever B. Yes; no matter what
C. No; no matter what D. No; whatever
【解析】选A。考查宾语从句。句意：——难道你不相信我吗？——不，我相信你说的一切。whatever引导宾语从句并在从句中作宾语，no matter what只能用来引导让步状语从句。对否定疑问句的回答要根据事实来回答，根据答语后半句可知用yes。
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