幻灯片 1
高二 选修6
Unit 2
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幻灯片 2Subjunctive Mood
虚拟语气
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幻灯片 31. 英语动词有三种语气, 陈述语气, 祈使语气和虚拟语气。
2. 定义: 用来表示说的话不是事实, 或者是不可能发生的情况, 而是一种愿望, 建议, 假设的语气叫虚拟语气。
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幻灯片 43. 在条件句中的应用
条件句可分为两类, 一类为真实条件句, 一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况, 故采用虚拟语气。
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幻灯片 51) 真实条件句
真实条件句用于陈述语气, 假设的情况可能发生, 其中if是如果的意思。
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幻灯片 62) 非真实条件句
非真实条件句用语虚拟语气, 假设的情况不可能发生, 或者可能性很小, 其中if 是“要是、如果”的意思。即:“要是……就好了”; “如果……, ……就会……”
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幻灯片 71. If I had enough money, I would travel around the world.
2. If I were you, I would give AIDS patient a hug.
与现在事实相反
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幻灯片 83. If I had taken your advice, I wouldn’t have made a mistake.
4. If he had been there, it wouldn’t have happened.
与过去事实相反
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幻灯片 95. If it should rain tomorrow, they wouldn’t go for an outing.
6. I think we could do it, if we planed it properly and could borrow the tools.
7. If we were to have three days off, we would enjoy a very happy life.
与将来事实相反
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幻灯片 103) The meaning of the sentence of subjunctive mood.
If he had come yesterday, I should/ would have told him about it.
含义: He did not come yesterday, so I did not tell him about it.
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幻灯片 11
If he had not been ill and missed many classes, he would have made greater progress.
含义: He was ill and missed many lessons, so he did not make greater progress.
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幻灯片 12V. + ed (were)
had done
would/could/should/might +V (原)
would/could/should/might+have+p.p.
1.V.+ ed.
2. should+ V.(原)
3. were to do
would/could/should/might +V. (原)
一. 虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的用法。
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幻灯片 13二. 虚拟语气特殊句型:
1. wish 的宾语从句
现在: 过去时（were）
过去: 过去完成时
将来: would/could/might +V. should
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幻灯片 141. I wish I were a bird. (现在)
2. I wish I hadn’t made such a mistake. (过去)
3. We wish our parents wouldn’t punish us. (将来)
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幻灯片 15I wish I were as tall as you. 我希望和你一样高。
He wished he hadn’t said that. 他希望他没讲那样的话。
I wish it would rain tomorrow. 我希望明天下雨就好了。
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幻灯片 162) wish to do 表达法 wish sb. / sth. to do
I wish to see the manager. = I want to see the manager.
I wish the manager to be informed at once. = I want the manager to be informed at once.
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幻灯片 172. would rather that
现在:
过去:
将来:
I would rather you paid me now.
I would rather you had gone, too.
Don’t come. I would rather you came tomorrow.
过去时
过去时
过去完成时
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幻灯片 183. as if /though + Clause
现在：
过去：
过去时
过去完成时
She loves the baby as if it were her own son.
It seems that it were spring.
I remember the whole thing as if it had happened yesterday.
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幻灯片 19They talked as if they had been friends for years.
He looks as if he were drunk.
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幻灯片 204. It’s (about/high) time +that
过去时
should +V.
你该走了。
It’s high time that you went.
It’s high time that you were going.
It’s high time that you should go.
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幻灯片 21我们该去睡觉了。
It’s time that we went to bed.
It’s time that we should go to bed.
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幻灯片 225. 表示要求,命令,建议的虚拟语气。
宾语从句中常见动词: 一个坚持, 两个命令, 三个建议, 四个要求。
1) insist
2) order, command
3) advise, suggest, propose
4) demand, require, request, desire
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幻灯片 23 这些动词后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气用法。即从句中的动词使用should +动词原形, 或者将should省略。
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幻灯片 24我们建议Tom 去休息一下。 We suggested that Tom have a rest.
他坚决要求我到场。 He insisted that I (should) be present.
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幻灯片 25国王命令囚犯明天要实施死刑。 The king ordered that the prisoners be killed the next day.
他们要求我们派他们去那儿工作。 They requested that we (should) send them to work there.
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幻灯片 26I suggest that we (should) hold a meeting next week.
He insisted that he (should) be sent there.
注意: 如suggest, insist不表示“建议” 或“坚持要某人做某事时”, 即它们用于其本意“暗示、表明”、“坚持认为”时, 宾语从句用陈述语气。
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幻灯片 271. The guard at gate insisted that everybody ____ (obey) the rules.
2. He insisted that she ___ (be)seriously ill and that ______ (send) to hospitals at once.
obey
was
be sent
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幻灯片 283. He suggested that we ____ (have) a meeting at once.
4. His pale face suggested that he ___ (be) ill.
have
was
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幻灯片 29以上动词相应的名词构成的名词性从句包括主语从句, 表语从句和同位语也要使用虚拟语气, 从句中的动词形式一样。
order, advice, suggestion, proposal, demand, request, desire
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幻灯片 30It’s suggested that the plan be carried out.
My demand is that she should come to see me once a week.
All of us are for the advice that the chemical factory should be closed down.
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幻灯片 316. without和but for 构成虚拟。but for要不是
Without sunlight, people’s life would be different from today.
But for your help, I wouldn’t have finished the work.
Without your help, I would have failed.
But for water, it would be impossible to live in the desert.
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幻灯片 327. If only …要是就好了
If only I knew his name!
If only we had followed your advice!
If only I could see him again!
要是我们的父母能和我们住在一起就好了! If only our parents could live with us!
要是我没错过火车就好了！ If only I hadn’t missed the train!
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幻灯片 338. It’s necessary/strange/natural/ important/pity/no wonder/impossible + that---Clause 从句中的动词要用虚拟, 即(should)+动词原形
It is important that we (should) master a foreign language.
It is strange that she refuse to come to the party.
It’s necessary that we should study hard.
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幻灯片 349. 某些简单句的固定句型:
Heaven help him!
God bless you!
May you succeed!
Long live the People’s Republic of China!
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幻灯片 3510. need “不必做”和“本不该做”
didn’t need to do 表示: 过去不必做某事, 事实上也没做。
needn’t have done 表示: 过去不必做某事, 但事实上做了。
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幻灯片 36约翰开车去车站接玛丽, 所以她不必步行回家了。
John went to the station with the car to meet Mary, so she didn’t need to walk back home.
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幻灯片 37约翰开车去车站接玛丽, 所以她本不必步行回家了。 (Mary步行回家,没有遇上John的车。)
John went to the station with the car to meet Mary, so she needn't have walked back home.
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幻灯片 38There was plenty of time. She ____. A. mustn’t have hurried B. couldn’t have hurried C. must not hurry D. needn't have hurried
典型例题
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幻灯片 39答案D。needn’t have done. 意为“本不必”, 即已经做了某事, 而实际上不必要。
mustn’t have done用法不正确, 对过去发生的事情进行否定性推断应为couldn’t have done, “不可能已经”。 must not do 不可以 (用于一般现在时)
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幻灯片 40三. 虚拟语气假设条件句型注意点:
1. 假设条件从句谓语动词发生的时间与主句所假设的谓语动词不一致, 叫做错综条件虚拟语气。主句和从句的谓语动词要依照假设的时间而定。
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幻灯片 41If the weather had been finer, the crops would be growing still better.
If you had followed the teacher’s advice, you wouldn’t be in the hospital.
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幻灯片 422. 假设条件虚拟倒装。条件从句中有should, were, had三个助动词可以把if省略, 并将这三个词提至句首。
If I were you, I would give it up.
Were I you, I would give it up.
If it were not for your advice, we couldn’t have got over the difficulties.
Were it not for your advice, we couldn’t have got over the difficulties.
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幻灯片 43If I had had time, I would have run round that lake again.
Had I had time, I would have run round that lake again.
If there should be a flood, what should we do?
Should there be a flood, what should we do?
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幻灯片 443. 谓语动词以should + have done的形式出现的时候, 表示过去应该做而没有做的事情, 从而表示一种责备的语气。
e.g. 1) You should have finished your homework yesterday.
2) You should have come here five minutes earlier.
3) He should have told me about it earlier.
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幻灯片 45注意： 在虚拟语气的从句中, 动词be的过去时态一律用were, 不用was, 即在从句中be用were代替。
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幻灯片 46If I were you, I would go to look for him.如果我是你, 就会去找他。
If he were here, everything would be all right. 如果他在这儿, 一切都会好的。
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幻灯片 47_____ to do the work, I should do it some other day. A. If were I B. I were C. Were I D. Was I
典型例题
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幻灯片 48答案C. 注意: 在虚拟条件状语从句中, 省略连词的倒装形式的句首不能用动词的缩略形式。如我们可说 Were I not to do, 而不能说 Weren’t I to do.
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幻灯片 49Exercises I
1. You ___ to the meeting yesterday. What was the reason for your absence? A. had come B. came C. would have come D. should have come
2. “ Have you visited the Science Museum?”
“ No, but I really wish I ___.” A. had B. did C. have D. will
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幻灯片 503. Here is some money in case you ___ it. A. needs B. need C. needed D. will need
4. He demanded that the classroom ___ at once. A. should clean B. clean C. should have been cleaned D. be cleaned
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幻灯片 515. But for your carelessness, we ___. A. should have succeeded
B. had succeeded C. would have succeeded D. succeeded
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幻灯片 526. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _____. A. breaks B. has broken
C. were broken D. had been broken
7. Jane’s face suggested that she _____ ill, and her parents suggested that she _____ a medical examination. A. be; should have B. was; have
C. should be; had D. was; has
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幻灯片 538. The two strangers talked as if they
_____ friends for years. A. should be B. would be
C. have been D. had been 9. I wish I _____ the meeting last week. A. could attend B. attended
C. have attended D. could have attended
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幻灯片 5410. My suggestion is that we ____ the sports met. A. would put off B. should put off
C. putted off D. be put off 11. It is necessary that our drinking water _____ cleaner. A. should be made B. is made
C. would be made D. was made
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幻灯片 5512. Don’t come this afternoon. I’d rather you _____ tomorrow. A. come B. to come C. came D. will come 13. The old professor gave orders that the experiment _____ before 6. A. was finished B. will finish
C. be finished D. shall be finished
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幻灯片 56II. 根据括号内的提示将下列句子补充
完整。
1. Had I not seen it with my own eyes, I ____________________ (都不会相信的).
2. If I should be free tomorrow, I __________________ (会和你一起去).
3. If you had listened to the doctor, you __________________ (现在一切都好了).
would be all right now
wouldn’t have believed it
would go with you
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幻灯片 574. Had Mark been in charge, it ______________________ (就不会发生了).
5. Looking round the town, he felt as though he _________________________ (已经离开了好多年).
had been away for many years
wouldn’t have happened
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幻灯片 58III. 用括号内所给词的适当形式填空。
1. If I _________ (know) more about giving first aid, I _______________ (help) them when the accident happened.
2. If I ______ (be) a man, I ___________ (run) for president.
3. —Do you think the thief entered through the side door?
—No, if he _______ (have), he _________ ____________(not break) the window of the living room.
had known
could have helped
were
would run
had had
wouldn’t
have broken
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幻灯片 594. I would rather you __________ (stay) at home last night.
5. I wish that the rain __________ (stop) immediately.
6. They talked as if they _________ (be) good friends for many years.
had been
had stayed
would stop
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