幻灯片 1
语法讲座
写作讲座
知识必备
专题练习
佳作观摩
技法指导
专题练习
Unit 1 A land of diversity
Section Ⅳ Grammar & Writing
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幻灯片 5一、名词性从句的定义、分类及连接词
1．定义
在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句(Noun Clauses)。
2．分类
根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句(Subject Clause)、宾语从句(Object Clause)、表语从句(Predictive Clause)和同位语从句(Appositive Clause)。
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幻灯片 63．连接词
引导名词性从句的关联词有连词三个、连接代词五个、连接副词四个。
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幻灯片 8二、主语从句
1．主语从句的连接词
(1)that和whether/if：连接词that在主语从句中不充当成分，但
不能省略；whether引导的主语从句可位于复合句的句首，
而if引导主语从句时不能位于句首，常用it作形式主语。
That she was chosen made us very happy.
她的入选使我们很高兴。
Whether the work can be completed on time is doubtful.
＝It is doubtful whether/if the work can be completed on time.
这项工作能否按时完成还不确定。
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幻灯片 9[考题印证1]
(2012·天津高考)It doesn't matter ________ you turn right or left at the crossing — both roads lead to the park.
A．whether B．how
C．if D．when
解析：选 。考查名词性从句。句意：在十字路口无论你向左转还是向右转都没关系，两条路都通向公园。句中的It是形式主语，whether引导主语从句。whether ... or ...意为
“是……还是……，不管……还是……”。
A
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幻灯片 10(2)连接代词有who, whose, whom, what, which, whichever,
whoever, whomever, whatever等。连接代词可在从句中作主
语、宾语、表语或定语。
Who he is is not important.
他是谁并不重要。
Whatever he said is right.
他所说的话都是对的。
Whoever gets the job will have a lot of things to do.
任何得到这份工作的人都将有很多事情要做。
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幻灯片 11[考题印证2]
(2011·北京高考)______Barbara Jones offers to her fans is honesty and happiness.
A．Which B．What
C．That D．Whom
解析：选 。考查名词性从句。由句中的is 可知空格处为主语从句的引导词，且该引导词在从句中作offer 的宾语，故可排除C项；which“哪一个”；whom“谁”。故只有B项正确。
B
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幻灯片 12(3)连接副词(when, where, how, why, however等)。连接副词
通常在从句中作状语。
How the prisoner escaped remains a mystery.
囚犯是怎样逃脱的仍是个谜。
When we start off is an important question.
我们何时出发是个重要的问题。
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幻灯片 132．主语从句与形式主语it
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幻灯片 15It's a pity that you missed the film.
你错过了那部电影真是遗憾。
It is very important that a student (should) learn English well.
学生学好英语很重要。
It is suggested that the meeting be put off.
有人建议会议延期召开。
It seems that they will win the game.
看起来他们会赢得这场比赛。
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幻灯片 163－1(2012·新课标全国卷)It is by no means clear ______ the
president can do to end the strike.
A．how B．which
C．that D．what
解析：选 。考查名词性从句的引导词。句中it是形式主
语，主语从句中缺少do的宾语，故选择what作为主语从
句的引导词且充当从句中谓语动词do的宾语。
D
[考题印证3]
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幻灯片 173－2(2012·山东高考)It doesn't matter ________ you pay by cash
or credit card in this store.
A．how B．whether
C．what D．why
解析：选 。考查名词性从句。前面的it是形式主语，空格
后面是真正的主语。句意：在这个商店中用现金或信用卡支
付都可以。whether引导主语从句，意为“是否”，其他选项
都不符合句意。
B
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幻灯片 183－3(2012·江西高考)It suddenly occurred to him ______ he
had left his keys in the office.
A．whether B．where
C．which D．that
解析：选 。考查连词。It occurs/occured to sb. that ...是
固定句型，表示“某人突然想起……”。it是形式主语，
that引导的从句作真正的主语。
D
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幻灯片 193．主语从句的注意事项
①从句的语序：在任何情况下，主语从句都用陈述语序
②主谓一致：从句作主语时，主句的谓语一般用单数形
式；但what和who引导主语从句时，有时主句谓语的
数应依据作表语的名词而定
Who did this is still unknown.
这件事是谁做的还不知道。
What they need are books.
他们需要的是书。
What they need is love.
他们需要的是爱。
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幻灯片 20三、宾语从句
1．宾语从句的连接词
宾语从句的连接词有：that, if/whether (是否), 连接代词(who, whom, what, whoever, whatever等)和连接副词(when, where, why, how)等。如：
He told me that he would go to college the next year.
他告诉我他明年会上大学。
He didn't tell me when we would meet again.
他没有告诉我我们什么时候会再见面。
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幻灯片 21[考题印证4]
(2012·陕西高考)As many as five courses are provided, and you are free to choose ________ suits you best.
A．whatever B．whichever
C．whenever D．wherever
解析：选 。考查宾语从句。句意：提供给你五门功课，你可以自由选择最适合于你的课程。宾语从句中缺少主语，故排除C、D两项。因为前面已提出有五门课程，是有固定范围的，故用whichever。whatever是没有范围的，不符合题意。
B
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幻灯片 222．动词、形容词和介词后的宾语从句
(1)大多数及物动词后都可以跟宾语从句，需要注意的是：
①demand, order, suggest, advise, insist, request
等表要求、命令、建议的动词后的宾语从句的谓语
常用“(should＋)动词原形”；
②若主句谓语是find, feel, consider, make, believe
等，常用it作形式宾语，而将宾语从句置于宾补后；
③有些动词接从句作宾语时要用it作形式宾语，这
类动词主要有hate, take, appreciate等。
The teacher suggested that we (should) review it.
老师建议我们复习一下它。
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幻灯片 23 We all find it important that we make a quick decision.
我们都认为立刻作出决定很重要。
I hate it when they talk with their mouths full of food.
我讨厌他们满嘴食物时说话。
I'd appreciate it if you come to help me.
如果你来帮我，我将不胜感激。
(2)介词后的宾语从句：一般情况下，介词后常接wh类连
接词引导的宾语从句。而except, but等少数介词后也可
接that引导的宾语从句。
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幻灯片 24We are talking about whether we should admit students into
our club.
我们正在讨论的是我们是否应该让学生加入我们的俱乐部。
He was not conscious of what an important discovery he had made.
他没有意识到他有了一个多么重要的发现。
The paper was perfect except that there were some misprints.
除了一些印刷错误之外，这篇论文很好。
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幻灯片 25[考题印证5]
(2012·辽宁高考)The newcomer went to the library the other day and searched for ________ he could find about Mark Twain.
A．wherever B．however
C．whatever D．whichever
解析：选 。宾语从句。介词for后面跟的是宾语从句，且从句中find缺少宾语，且所述之物没有范围，所以用whatever，故选C。
C
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幻灯片 263．宾语从句的注意事项
(1)动词＋it＋形容词或惯用搭配＋that从句。
[点津] 宾语从句在接复合宾语的动词之后，如think, make，consider等，可以用it作形式宾语。而真正的宾语
为that从句。
We think it important that every citizen should have good
manners.
我们认为每个市民有礼貌是很重要的。
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幻灯片 27(2)宾语从句的否定转移：think, believe, suppose, imagine等
动词后的宾语从句中的否定词要转移到主句中，即主句的
谓语动词用否定式，而从句的谓语动词用肯定式。这类句
子变反意疑问句时应注意：
①若主句主语是第一人称，简略问句的主语和谓语
应与宾语从句的主语和谓语分别保持一致，且简略
问句用肯定形式；
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幻灯片 28②若主句主语不是第一人称，简略问句的主语和谓
语应与主句的主语和谓语分别保持一致，且简略问
句用肯定形式。
I don't think I can remember the 100 words within two hours.
我想我不能在两小时内记住这100个单词。
You don't imagine he passed the exam, do you?
你认为他没有通过考试，是吗？
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幻灯片 29四、表语从句
1．从属连词whether, as, as if/though引导的表语从句。
It sounds as if someone is knocking at the door.
听起来好像有人在敲门。
2．because, why引导的表语从句。
That's because he was ill.
那是因为他生病了。(That's because ...强调原因)
That's why he asked for a twoday leave.
那正是他请两天假的原因。(That's why ...强调结果)
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幻灯片 30[点津] The reason why ...is that ...“……的理由，是……”为固定句型。此时why引导定语从句。
The reason why I was sad was that he didn't understand me.
我难过的原因是他没有理解我。
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幻灯片 31[考题印证6]
(2011·山东高考)I'm afraid he's more of a talker than a doer, which is______he never finishes anything.
A．that B．when
C．where D．why
解析：选 。考查表语从句。很显然，前文所说的(他是一个空谈家而不是一个实干家)是下文(他一事无成)的原因，由此可知应该选why。
D
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幻灯片 323．连接词(who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever,
whatever, whichever, where, when，how等)引导表语从句。
The problem is who we can get to replace her.
问题是我们能找到谁去替换她。
The question is how he did it.
问题是他是如何做此事的。
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幻灯片 33[考题印证7]
(2010·江苏高考)—I prefer shutting myself in and listening to music all day on Sundays.
—That's ________ I don't agree. You should have a more
active life.
A．where B．how
C．when D．what
解析：选 。考查表语从句。说话人在星期天喜欢一整天把
自己关在家中听音乐，答话人对这一点不赞同。答语中“where I don't agree”是表语从句，表示的是抽象概念，where在从句中作地点状语。假如选择D项，agree后需要加上介词。
A
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幻灯片 344．连接词that在从句中只起到连接作用，不作任何成分。
The trouble is that I have lost his address.
麻烦是我把他的地址丢了。
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幻灯片 35[考题印证8]
(2010·北京高考)Part of the reason Charles Dickens loved his own novel，David Copperfield，was ________ it was rather closely modeled on his own life.
A．what B．that
C．why D．whether
解析：选 。此题考查名词性从句。考查句型The reason无伦次．..is that ...。that引导表语从句，在从句中不作句子成分。
B
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幻灯片 36点击下列图片进入
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幻灯片 38 假如你是李华，住在滨江。你的加拿大笔友Bob来信谈到了他所居住的城市，并希望了解你家乡滨江的情况。请你用英语写一封回信。回信须包括下表中的内容。
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幻灯片 39注意：1.可适当增加细节，使行文连贯；
2．词数100左右。
Dear Bob，
①It's very kind of you to write to me and let me know about your beautiful city.②Now I'd like to tell you something about my hometown, Binjiang.
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幻灯片 40 ③The town，standing on the bank of the Qiantang River, is a beautiful place for people to live in.④Its economy has been developing rapidly in the past ten years.⑤New factories, houses and roads have been built.⑥Besides, more schools and hospitals are available for its people.⑦However, there are still some problems, such as water and air pollutions and heavy traffic in rush hours.
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幻灯片 41 ⑧In my opinion, Binjiang should develop its economy scientifically.⑨I also think that the growth of its population should be brought under control so that we'll have a better hometown in the future.
Best wishes!
Yours，
Li Hua
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幻灯片 42分为三个段落进行描述。条理清晰，层次分明。
第一段：礼貌导入。
第二段：居住城市的情况、成就及问题。
第三段：对发展的看法。
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幻灯片 431．为了使得本篇习作更加上档次，作者使用了较高级的词汇和丰富的句式结构，如③句使用了非谓语动词作定语；④句中的develop rapidly；⑤句采用被动形式使得句式富于变化；⑥句中available一词的使用；⑧句中“科学地发展经济”develop its economy scientifically；⑨句中bring ...under control的使用等。
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幻灯片 442．长短句交叉使用是本篇习作的另一亮点。为了使得文章更有文采、行文更加流畅，作者使用了长短句结合的方式。如⑨句用so that短语连接前后两个分句；③句中非谓语动词作定语位于句中；⑦句中such as的使用等都是本文鲜明的特点。
3．整篇习作中，作者巧妙地使用了恰当的过渡词如however，besides等，使得行文连贯、紧凑，浑然一体。
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幻灯片 45如何写描述地点的说明文
1．描写某地的景色或景观时，一般要遵循的原则是：从总
体到局部，从外到内。
2．这类文章一般包括三段：开头是总体介绍，引出主题；
中间是正文，具体介绍此地的特色，如著名的建筑、风景名胜等；第三部分是结尾。
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幻灯片 463．描写某地的短文属说明文体，要弄清时间的立足点是
“过去”、“现在”，还是“将来”。
4．表达方式要有所变化，景物描写用词容易重复、单调，
因此写作时应选用不同的句式和表达方式来描述事物，使表达方式多样化。
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幻灯片 47[黄金表达]
1．位置(location)：
1)lie in/to/on ... 2)There lie ...
3)be located/situated in 4)stretch along ...
5)at the foot of
2．面积(area)：
1)cover an area of ... 2)take up ...
3)have an area of ... 4)with an area of ...
5)the size of our city is ...
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幻灯片 483．周边环境(surroundings)：
1)face ... 2)surrounded by ...
3)There stand(s) ...
4．交通(transportation)：
1)It is very convenient for ...
2)The best/nearest way to ... is ...
3)It takes ...to take a taxi from ... to ...
4)It is only a few bus stops from ...
5)It is within easy reach, not far from highway.
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幻灯片 495．人口(population)：
1)have a population of ... 2)with a population of
3)The population of ...is ...
4)Forty percent of the population are ...
5)There are ...
6．历史(history)：
1)have a history of ... 2)with a history of ...
3)have witnessed too much ...in history
4)an old village for ... years
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幻灯片 507．名胜(places of interest)：
1)be rich in 2)be known as ...
3)be famous for ... 4)be home to ...
5)attract ...
6)．..is a feast for the mind as well as the eyes.
8．特色(something special)：
1)The place is famous for ...
2)The special character of the place is ...
3)Something special of the place is ...
4)be native to .../a native of ...
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