幻灯片 1Section Ⅳ
Unit 5
语法讲座
写作讲座
知识必备
专题练习
佳作观摩
技法指导
专题练习
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幻灯片 2----
幻灯片 3----
幻灯片 4非限制性定语从句
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幻灯片 5一、非限制性定语从句的概念
非限制性定语从句的作用是对所修饰的成分做进一步说明，通常和主句间用逗号隔开。
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幻灯片 6He often comes to school late, which makes his teacher angry.
他经常上课迟到，这使得他的老师很生气。
She eats too much, which makes her heavier and heavier.
她吃得太多，这使她越来越胖。
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幻灯片 7二、引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词有 as, which, whom, who, whose；关系副词有 when, where 等。
Yao Ming, as you know, is an excellent basketball player.
你知道，姚明是一名优秀的篮球运动员。
Mr. Smith, whose foot was badly hurt, was quickly sent to the local hospital.
史密斯先生的脚受了重伤，很快就被送到了当地医院。
We'll graduate in July, when we will be free.
我们将于七月份毕业，到那时我们就自由了。
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幻灯片 8[考题印证1]
1－1(2012·陕西高考)It is the third time that she has won
the race, ________ has surprised us all.
A．that B．where
C．which D．what
解析：选 考查非限制性定语从句。句意：这是她第三次赢得比赛，这使得我们大家非常吃惊。关系词 which代表前面整个主句的内容； that不能引导非限制性定语从句；where引导的定语从句，在从句中作地点状语；what不能引导定语从句。
C
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幻灯片 91－2(2012·浙江高考)Ellen was a painter of birds and of
nature, ________， for some reason, had withdrawn from all human society.
A．which B．who
C．where D．whom
解析：选 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处考查定语从句，定语从句的先行词是a painter，关系词在定语从句中作主语，应该用关系代词who。
B
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幻灯片 101．as 与 which 引导非限制性定语从句时的区别
As we all know, Tai Wan belongs to China.
正如我们所知，台湾是中国的一部分。
Allen made much progress in English, which delighted us.
艾伦英语取得了很大进步，这使我们很高兴。
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幻灯片 112．as 引导限制性定语从句，常与 the same, such, as 等连用，
在句中常作主语、宾语或表语。
3．as 引导非限制性定语从句，常用在一些固定结构中。
as is said above 如上所述
as is already mentioned above 就跟上边所提到的那样
as is known to all 众所周知
as is often the case 就跟经常的情况那样
as often happens 就跟经常发生的那样
as is reported 就跟所报道的那样
as you can see 就跟你看到的那样
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幻灯片 12[考题印证2]
2－1(2012·福建高考)The air quality in the city, ________ is
shown in the report, has improved over the past two months.
A．that B．it
C．as D．what
解析：选 考查定语从句。句意：就像报告中所表明的那样，这城市的空气质量在过去的两个月里已有改善。as 引导非限制性定语从句，且代表整个主句的内容。that不能引导非限制性定语从句。it和what不是关系代词，不能引导定语从句。
C
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幻灯片 132－2(2012·安徽高考)A lot of language learning, ________
has been discovered, is happening in the first year of life, so parents should talk much to their children during that period.
A．as B．it
C．which D．this
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幻灯片 14解析：选 考查定语从句。句意：正如发现的那样，大量的语言学习是在出生后的第一年发生的，所以父母应当在那一时期多和孩子说话。分析句子结构可知，“________ has been discovered”，为非限制性定语从句，且位于先行词所指的“A lot of language learning is happening in the first year of life”整个句子之间，故用as。
A
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幻灯片 15三、“介词＋关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句
1．“介词＋关系代词”可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导
非限制性定语从句。该结构中关系代词指人时用whom，指物时用which，不可用that；关系代词在从句中作定语时用whose。
I had told them the reason, for which I didn't attend the meeting.
我没有去开会，我已经把理由告诉他们了。
He bought the car for more than $20,000, with which his father was very angry.
他花两万多美元买了这辆车，他父亲对此很生气。
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幻灯片 162．from where也可以引导定语从句。
We stood at the top of the hill, from where we can see the whole town.
我们站在山顶上，从那里可以看到整个城镇。
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幻灯片 17[考题印证3]
3－1(2012·四川高考)In our class there are 46 students,
________ half wear glasses.
A．in whom B．in them
C．of whom D．of them
解析：选 考查定语从句。前后两句话之间无连词，故不能用人称代词them而应用关系代词whom引导定语从句；在46个学生当中，表所属关系，应用of。故选C。
C
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幻灯片 183－2(2011·浙江高考)English is a language shared by several
diverse cultures, each of ______ uses it somewhat differently.
A．which B．what
C．them D．those
解析：选 考查定语从句。本句中的先行词是several diverse cultures，先行词在从句中作each of 的宾语，所以应该用关系代词which。
A
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幻灯片 19四、使用非限制性定语从句时需注意的问题：
1．that 不能用于引导非限制性定语从句。
2．非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词，对其进
行修饰，这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数。
3．非限制性定语从句中，不用 why 引导，用 for which 代
替 why。
4．先行词为独一无二的物体时，一般用非限制性定语从句。
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幻灯片 20The sun, which rises in the east, gives us light and heat.
太阳从东边升起，给我们光和热。
The Great Wall, which is called in Chinese “The TenThousand Li Great Wall”， is actually more than 6,000 kilometers.
长城，中国人称作“万里长城”实际不只有6 000公里。
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幻灯片 21点此进入
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幻灯片 22书信
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幻灯片 23 假设你是李华。你的外国笔友 Jane 打算于七月来中国，特来信了解中国人的社交习俗。请你用英语回一封信，从以下几个方面作具体介绍。
1．见面时的问候方式；
2．对赞美的回答方式；
3．接收礼物时的回应方式；
4．餐宴礼节。
注意：1.词数100左右，信的开头和结束语已为你写好(不计入总词数)。
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幻灯片 24 2．可根据内容要点适当增加细节，使行文连贯。
Dear Jane，
Glad to hear from you and you're welcome to China in July.
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
I hope what's mentioned above might be helpful and wish you a good journey.
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
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幻灯片 25Dear Jane，
Glad to hear from you and you're welcome to China in July. The following are some Chinese customs.
①Firstly, we greet each other by saying “Hello”or asking such questions as “Where are you going？” or “Are you
busy？” to express our care. ②Secondly, when praised, we reply with “Oh，no！” or “I'm overpraised.” to show good manners. ③Next, when receiving a gift, we usually say “It's unnecessary.” besides saying “Thanks.” to show politeness and then put it away. ④Finally, at dinner parties, we talk loudly and touch glasses when drinking to someone's health or success to show that we're warm.
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幻灯片 26 ⑤Anyhow, different cultures have different customs. If you “Do as the Romans do when in Rome.”， you'll enjoy more of your stay here.
I hope what's mentioned above might be helpful and wish you a good journey.
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
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幻灯片 27本文可分为三个部分。
第一部分为第一段，呼应笔友的来信；
第二部分为第二、三段，作者根据笔友的问题作出答复并提出中肯的建议；
第三部分是最后一段，作者提出了自己的希望和建议。
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幻灯片 28整篇文章内容充实，语意连贯，结构流畅。
第①②③④⑤句中过渡词 firstly, secondly, next, finally, anyhow 的使用使文章流畅自然；
另外，①句中的“such ... as ...”结构，②③④句中省略结构“when praised”，“when receiving”，“when drinking”的应用使文章更加文采熠熠，摇曵多姿。
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幻灯片 29 写书信时首先应该注意写信的格式，即开头(一般给出信的开头)和结尾，然后根据一定的情境和所提供的信息，把情况介绍清楚，可适当发挥，使句子意思完整，语句通顺。
书信一般采取三段式结构：
首段，提一提来信提到的事情，自然引入要谈论的话题。
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幻灯片 30 第二段，针对来信中的问题，提出自己的看法。在表达自己的建议时要有的放矢、切中要害，力求简洁扼要。在说理的过程中要尽量站在对方的角度客观地分析问题，努力做到逻辑分明，理由充分；在提建议时，要注意选用合适的词汇或句型委婉地提出自己的建议让对方思考。
末段，简洁地提出希望自己的建议对其有所帮助或是表示自己良好的祝福。
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幻灯片 31[黄金表达]
常用的开头语：
①Thank you for your letter dated September 1.
②Your kind letter of November 22th arrived this morning.
③Your letter which arrived this morning gave me a great comfort.
④In reply to your letter, I want to say ...
⑤Thank you very much for your letter and the gift you sent me.
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幻灯片 32⑥Many thanks for your kind letter which reached me yesterday.
⑦I have the pleasure/honor to inform/tell you that ...
⑧I must apologize for not writing to you for so long.
⑨I am writing to you ...
⑩I am excited/glad/happy to learn that ...
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幻灯片 33常用的结束语有：
①Awaiting your good news.
②Hoping to hear from you soon.
③I am looking forward to your reply at your earliest convenience.
④I am looking forward to our next meeting.
⑤Your early reply will be highly appreciated.
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幻灯片 34⑥Please write to me when you have time.
⑦I hope everything will be well with you.
⑧Please let us know if you want more information.
⑨Please remember me to your family.
⑩With best regards to your family.
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幻灯片 35点此进入
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