幻灯片 1语法专题-----定语从句
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幻灯片 2考点聚焦
1.定语从句引导词的确定.
2.非限制性定语从句的判定.
3.定语从句与同位语从句的区别.
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幻灯片 3知识链接
一.基本知识z xxk
二.关系代词和关系副词的确定
三.只用that不用which的情况
四.只用which而不用that的几种场合
五.只用who而不用that的几种场合
六.Which和whose作定语的区别
七.非限制性定语从句的主要应用场面
八.“介词+关系代词”结构的用法
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幻灯片 4基本知识
定语从句:修饰其某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句.
定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后.
先行词:被从句修饰的词叫先行词.
关系词:引导定语从句的词叫关系词.
一. 基本知识
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幻灯片 5关
系
词
关系代词有that, which,who,
whom,whose,as等z xxk
关系副词有when,where,why等.
作用
(1)引导定语从句:
(2)代替先行词;
(3)在定语从句中担当一个成分.
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幻灯片 6例句:The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman.
在该句中, who is shaking hands with my father
是定语从句.
先行词“the man ,who”是引导定语从句的关系词,代替先行词the man ,在定语从句中作主语
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幻灯片 7 二.关系代词和关系副词的确定
1.当先行词指人时,在定语从句中作主语用who/that,作宾语用whom/that,作定语用whose
2.当先行词指物时,在定语从句中作主语或宾语用which/that,作定语用whose .
4.当先行词指地点时,在定语从句中作状语用where,作主语或宾语用which/that.
3.当先行词指时间时, 在定语从句中作状语用when,作主语或宾语用which/that.
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幻灯片 8 5.当先行词指原因时, 在定语从句中作状语用why,作主语或宾语用which/that.
关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时可省略,但引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词在从句中作宾语时不能省略;当第一个定语从句的关系代词作宾语省略时,第二个引导定语从句的用作宾语的关系代词则不可省略.
eg :The West Lake, which Huangzhou is famous for ,is a beautiful place.
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幻灯片 9Have a tryz xxk
指出关系代词（副词）在定语从句中的成份：
1.The man who came to our school is Mr. Wang.
( )
2.The girl (whom) I met is Lucy. ( )
3.A child whose parents are dead is called Tom.
( )
4.I like the book (which) you bought yesterday.
( )
主语
宾语
定语
宾语
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幻灯片 10Have a try
5. His parents wouldn’t let him marry anyone whose family was poor. z x xk
6. I like the person to whom you just talked.
7. We shall never forget the days (that) we spent together.
8. We shall never the days when we lived together.
(定语 )
( 介宾 )
( 宾语)
(状语)
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幻灯片 11典型赏析 (try you best please)
(1)That’s an unpleasant thing to say about your father after ____he’s done for you.(NMET2004)
A. Something B. anything C. all D. that
C
(2) What surprised me was not what he said but ____ he said it.(2004.湖北)
the way B. in the way that C. in the way D. the way which
A
(3) I work in a business____ almost everyone is waiting for a great chance.(2004湖北)
A. how B. which C. where D. that
C
(4) Anyway, that evening,____ I’ll tell you more about later, I ended up staying at Rachel’s place.(2004浙江)
A. when B. where C. what D. which
D
(省略that)
in
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幻灯片 12You are excellent students
Come on
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幻灯片 13 三.只用that不用which的情况
1.当先行词前有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时，或先行词本身就是序数词或形容词最高级时。如：the first text that we are to learn is very difficult.
2.当先行词是不定代词时。如all, little, few, much, something, anything, everything, none, nothing, none, nothing, no one, some等。eg: I’m interested in everything that I don’t know.
3.当先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little, much, one of, the only, the very. the right, the last, few, just等修饰时。 eg: There’s no difficulty that we can’t overcome.
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幻灯片 14(1)This is the very place____ I’m going to live in next month. z xxk
A. where B. which C. that D. in which
C
(2)I have found the same boy___ I met with last meek.
A. as B. that C. when D. than
B
9.关系代词在定语从句中作表语时.如:The village is no longer the poor place that it used to be .
8.当先行词前有such或the same修饰,先行词和关系代词指同一物时.如:This is the same pen that I used yesterday.
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幻灯片 155.当主句上以who或which开始的特殊疑问句时.如:Who is the boy that was here just now.
6.在there be 或there live 结构中,用that 引导且多省略.如:There are four desks in the middle of the office that are used for the teachers. z x xk
7.当先行词是way, moment, time, reason, distance等时用that,且常省略.如:I don’t know the (that) he looked at me.
4.如果有两个或两个以上分别表示人和物的先行词时。如：We know nothing about the doctors and the hospitals (that) you are thinking about.
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幻灯片 16四.
只用which而不用that的几种场合
1.关系代词前有代词时候.如:This is the room in which we lived last yesr.
2.引导非限制性定语从句时.如:His dog, which was now very old,became ill and died
3.先行词后有插入语时.如:Here is the English grammar book which, as I’ve told you ,will help improve your English.
4.当先行词本身that时.如:What’s that which flashed in the sky just now?
1.John said he’d been working in the office for an hour,____ was true.(NMET2001) A. he B. this C. which D. who
2.We were next-door neighbours for years, during ____time we met only twice. A .which B. this C. which D. who
C
A
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幻灯片 17
五.
只用who而不用that的几种场合
1.先行词是指人的不定代词时,如one, anyone, no one, all, nobody, none等.如:Those who are against put up your hands. We’d better not believe in anyone who we don’t know.
2.当先行词是一个限定性的表示人的特定名词时.The aunt who came to see us last week is my father’s sister.
3.当先行词有较长的后置定语或在被分割的定语从句中时.如:Professor Smith is coming soon who will give us a talk on how to learn English.
Anyone ____ breaks the law should be punished. A. who B. that C. which D. whom
A
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幻灯片 18 六.
Which和whose作定语的区别
两者皆可在定语从句中作定语,但which只用于非限制性定语从句中,仅指物,且要接一个对先行词起概括作用的泛指名词;whose +名词=the+名词+of+ whom/which. z x xk
试比较 (1) Mary is studying Chinese, which knowledge is very important now.
(2) We live in the room, whose window is broken . (the window of which is broken)
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幻灯片 19七.
非限制性定语从句的主要应用场面
1.若先行词指代明确时,如专有名词和独一 无二的人或事物.Hangzhou, which we visited last year, is one of the most beautiful cities in China.
2.若关系代词作复合介词的宾语时.如:He had his right leg broken in playing football, because of which he couldn’t attend school.
3.若关系代词作of 的宾语,且of 前有数词.代词或名词时.如:The tree, the branches of which are almost bare, is a very old one.
4.当先行词指代主语的整个概念时.如:She is extremely popular with her students, which is common knowledge.
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幻灯片 20指点迷津:as与which引导的定语从句
两者均可引导非限制性定语从句，有时可以互换，但下列情况多用as。
1. 关系代词引导的定语从句居句首时。
e.g. As we all know, the earth is round.
2. 当与such或the same连用时，一般用as。
e.g. Such books as you tell me are interesting.
I have the same plan as you.
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幻灯片 21Go on Please!
3. 当从句和主句语义一致时，用as，反之则用which。z xx k
e.g.
She has married again, as was expected.
She has married again, which was unexpected.
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幻灯片 22Go on please!
4. as在从句中作主语时，后面常接行为动词的被动语态，如be known，be said，be reported等，如从句中行为动词是主动语态，一般要用which作主语。
e.g. She has been late again, as was expected.
Tom has made great progress, which made us happy.
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幻灯片 23
八.“介词+关系代词”结构的用法
1. “介词+which”在定语从句中作时间、地点、原因、状语,相当于关系副词when, where, why.
2.“介词（短语）+which/whom”在定语从句中作目的、方式状语。
3. .“介词（短语）+which/whom+there be…”在定语从句中表示存在的地点状语。
4. “介词+which/whom”在含被动结构的定语从句中作状语，表示动作的执行者。
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幻灯片 245. “不定代词或数词或名词+of which/whom”在定语从句中作主语.
6. “介词+which”修饰后面的名词作定语.
7.“介词+which+不定式”相当于一个简化了的定语从句.
8.介词的确定由定语从句中谓语动词的习惯搭配决定.
如(1)The reason for which I came here is that I want to get your help. z x xk
(2)He stood near the window through which you could see the small river.
She’s the very person in whose pocket I found my lost watch.
Who is the man to whom Tom was just now talking?
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幻灯片 25介词+关系代词
**** “of + which/whom”可用来限定名词、代词、分数词、数词等。
e.g. 1. In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person ____________ she could turn for help.
A. that B. who C. from whom D. to whom
2. He paid the boy $10 for washing the windows, most of ________ hadn’t been cleaned for at least a year.
A. these B. those C. that D. which
D
D
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幻灯片 26九.Where 引导的定语从句和状语从句的区别
h
Where 引导定语从句时,where是关系副词,在从句中作地点状语,其前面有表示地点的先行词,where引导的从句修饰先行词,where引导的从句修饰主句的谓语动词,where前面没有表示地点的先行词.在某些情况下,我们可以将其进行转换.
试比较
1.I still remember the bus stop Where I met you the first day .
2.You should leave the toy where you can find apace.
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幻灯片 27十.定语从句和强调结构的判断
在“it is/was +名词+引导词+从句”中,若将it is/was 及引导词去掉,剩余部分仍然组成完整句子时.这便是强调结构,否则就是定语从句.
It was with great joy ____ he received the news that his lost daughter had been found.
A. Because B. which C. since D. that
D
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幻灯片 28 Can you work them out????????
Fill in the blanks with proper prepositions:
1. The sun gives us heat and light, ________ which we can’t live.
2. The student ________ whom we were talking just now is the best student in our class. z x xk
3. I’ll never forget the day _____ which she said good-bye to me.
4. Who can give me the reason ______ which he hasn’t turned up yet?
without
about
on
for
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幻灯片 29Well done!
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