幻灯片 1Unit 4 Helping people around the world
帮助全世界的人们
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幻灯片 2Ⅰ. 单词盘点
根据词性和汉语意思写出词汇
1. ____________(n. )大使
2. _______(adj. )令人敬重的；值得的，相称的；有价值的
3. _________(vt. )购得；获得，得到
4. _________( vi. & vt. )扩展，发展(业务)；扩大，增强
ambassador
worthy
acquire
expand
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幻灯片 35. ___________(adj. )重要的；令人愉快的；值得花时间(或花钱、努力等)
6. ___________(adj. )可供替代的(n. )可供选择的事物
7. ________(n. )手段，方法
8. __________(n. )同事
9. ________(adj. )空着的，未被占用的；(职位)空缺的
10. _________(n. )障碍，隔阂；屏障，障碍物
worthwhile
alternative
means
colleague
vacant
barrier
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幻灯片 411. ______(n. & vt. )缺乏→________ (adj. )缺乏的；短缺的
12. ___________(n. )描写(文字)，形容，说明→_________ (vt. )描述，形容；描绘
13. _______(adj. )平等的；同等的 (n. )同等的人；相等物(vt. )与……相同或相等→_________ (adv. )相等地
14. __________(adj. )志愿的；自愿的，主动的→_________ (n. )志愿者(v. )自愿做
lack
lacking
description
describe
equal
equally
voluntary
volunteer
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幻灯片 515. ___________(vt. & vi. )捐献，捐赠，捐助；贡献；促成，导致→ _____________(n. )贡献；捐献；投稿→__________ (n. )贡献者；捐献者；投稿人
16. ________(adj. )紧急的，紧迫的→ ________(n. )紧急；紧急的事
17. ___________(n. )饥饿；挨饿；饿死→ ________(vt. & vi. ) (使)饿死，(使)挨饿
18. ___________(n. )个人财产；拥有，具有→________ (vt. )占有；拥有；具有→ _________(adj. )拥有的，具有的
contribute
contribution
contributor
urgent
urgency
starvation
starve
possession
possess
possessed
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幻灯片 619. ____________(adj. )麻烦的，讨厌的，棘手的→_______ (n. )麻烦，烦恼(v. ) (使)烦恼，(使)麻烦
20. _____________(n. )承诺，保证；投入，奉献；不得不做的事→_________(v. )犯罪，做错事；把……托付给；使……承担义务
21. ________(vt. )提醒，使想起→__________ (n. )暗示；提醒人的事物
troublesome
trouble
commitment
remind
reminder
commit
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幻灯片 7 【品词自测】
①He is a __________ for the Asian Games, always ___________ to do some __________ jobs. (voluntary)
②You _________ me of my deadline to hand in my paper. Thanks for your __________. (remind)
③He did not _________ wealth; he was in the ___________ of his wealth, though. (possess)
volunteer
volunteering
voluntary
reminded
reminder
possess
possession
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幻灯片 8Ⅱ. 短语回放
1. 谈及，提到；与……相关，涉及；查阅，参考
_________________________
2. 除……以外(还)，此外 _________________________
3. 使(某人)察觉到 _________________________
4. 在……的保护下，在……的管理下
_________________________
refer to
in addition
draw someone’s attention to
under the umbrella of
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幻灯片 95. 除了……之外(还) ____________________
6. 但愿 ____________________
7. 出故障；抛锚 ____________________
8. 处于混乱状态 ____________________
9. 阻止某人做某事 ____________________
10. 得到；抓住 ____________________
apart from
if only
break down
in chaos
stop sb. from doing sth.
get hold of
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幻灯片 1011. 通向……的入口，通道；有权使用
__________________
12. 让某人想起……，提醒某人……
__________________
13. 回想 __________________
14. 有作用(关系、影响) __________________
access to
remind somebody of
think back to
make a difference
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幻灯片 11Ⅲ. 句式扫描
1. I am pleased to _______________(有机会) today to talk to you about the United Nations, or the UN, as it is more often referred to.
2. My job with the UN is not paid but voluntary, and ____
____________(正如我前面所说的), I visit countries where the UN has programmes to help people.
have this chance
as I
said before
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幻灯片 123. ________(要是……，但愿……就好了) I were a Goodwill Ambassador!
4. Arrived here _______(结果却发现) everything was in chaos.
5. We also gave children shots to __________________________ (使他们不会死于疾病).
6. The situation is very different here, ___________________ (存在的问题也不同).
If only
to find
stop them dying from diseases
as are the problems
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幻灯片 137. Instead of sand blowing everywhere, there is mud and water everywhere, ___________________(使得……很困难) travel from place to place.
8. It ______________________________(使我想起了在苏丹的那段时间), where several Doctors without Borders staff were attacked as people tried to get the food.
making it difficult to
reminded me of my time in Sudan
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幻灯片 14【仿句自测】根据下面句式仿写句子
①If only引导的虚拟语气
仿写：要是你早点告诉我真相就好了！
If only you had told me the truth earlier!
②stop sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事
仿写：医生都尽了全力了，依然救不了他。
Hard as the doctors tried, nothing can stop him from dying.
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幻灯片 15③现在分词作结果状语
仿写：他们的车遇上交通阻塞，因而耽误了。
Their car was caught in a traffic jam, thus causing the delay.
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幻灯片 16----
幻灯片 171. lack n. & vt. 缺乏
(1)v.
(2)n.
(3)lacking adj. 短缺的；缺乏的
be lacking in在(抽象事物方面)缺乏
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幻灯片 18①The children lack for nothing although their parents are poorly dressed.
这些小孩什么都不缺，虽然他们的父母穿得不好。
②None of his plans ever comes through because he is lacking in determination.
他的计划没有一个成功，因为他没有决心。
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幻灯片 19③They met with many difficulties, for they lacked equipment, experience and technical data. (句型转换)
=They met with many difficulties, ___ ____ __ equipment, experience and technical data.
因为缺少设备、经验和技术资料，他们遇到不少困难。
【点津】 lack是表示状态的及物动词，不用于被动结构，也不用于进行时的句子中。
for lack of
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幻灯片 20【真题链接】
［2010福建，27］More and more high-rise buildings have been built in big cities ______ space.
A. in search of B. in place of
C. for lack of D. for fear of
【解析】选C。考查介词短语辨析。句意：因缺乏空间，在大城市里越来越多的高层建筑被修建起来。for lack of“因缺乏”，与语境相符。in search of“寻找”；in place of“取代”；for fear of“惟恐”，均与语境不符。
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幻灯片 212. equal adj. 平等的；同等的，相同的；胜任的
n. 同等的人；相等物
vt. 与……相同或相等
(1)be equal to sth. / doing sth. (in. . . )
(在……方面)与……相等；能胜任，能应付
equal sb. /sth. in (doing) sth.
在(做)某事上比得过，敌得过某人/物
(be)without equal 无与伦比
(2)equally adv. 相等地，相同地
equality n. 平等，同等；均等
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幻灯片 22①Men and women have equal rights in China.
在中国男女享有平等的权利。
②After a month’s training, he became equal to the work as a tractor driver. 经过一个月的训练后，他能胜任拖拉机驾驶员的工作了。
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幻灯片 23③她的智力比得上他，但是体力就不如他了。(判断正误)
She equals him in mental power but not in physical strength.
( )
She equals to him in mental power but not in physical strength.
( )
√
×
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幻灯片 24【真题链接】
［2010全国卷Ⅱ，13］The island is ______ attractive in spring and autumn because of the pleasant weather in both seasons.
A. partly B. merely C. nearly D. equally
【解析】选D。考查副词。partly“部分地”；merely“仅仅”；nearly“几乎”；equally“平等地，同样地”。句意：因为春秋两个季节的天气都非常怡人，所以这个小岛在这两个季节都很吸引人。根据句意以及四个选项的意思可知选D。
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幻灯片 25【助记】
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幻灯片 263. contribute vt. & vi. 捐献，捐赠，捐助；贡献；促成，导致；投稿
①He contributed two stories to the summer issue and to his excitement, they all came out later.
他投了两篇故事给夏季版，让他高兴的是，后来这两篇文章都发表了。
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幻灯片 27②Many millionaires and billionaires are keen on contributing to charities.
很多百万富翁和亿万富翁都热衷于捐助慈善团体。
③Exercise contributes to better health.
锻炼能促进更强健的体魄。
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幻灯片 28【归纳】
___________________ 向……捐款；投稿
_____________ 有助于
【拓展】
contribution n. 贡献；捐赠，捐助；投稿
make a contribution/ contributions to
为……作贡献；向……投稿；
捐款给……
contribute (sth. )to. . .
contribute to
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幻灯片 29【助记】
Many people contributed money to Project Hope, which contributed to many children returning to school. A teacher wrote an article about this and contributed it to a newspaper.
许多人给希望工程捐钱，使许多孩子重返校园。一位老师据此写了一篇文章并向报社投了稿。
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幻灯片 304. worthwhile adj. 重要的；令人愉快的；值得花时间(或花钱、努力等)
①The teacher recommended some really worthwhile novels to his students.
那个老师推荐给他的学生们一些真正有价值的小说。
②It is worthwhile improving/ to improve working conditions for the workers.
努力提高工人的工作条件是值得的。
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幻灯片 31【辨析】理解下列区别并选词填空
worth
只作表语；常用well表示“非常”，而一般不用very；be worth +n. / pron. / v. -ing
worthy
表语或定语；常用very修饰；be worthy of +n. / being done； be worthy to be done
worth-
while
表语或定语；常用very修饰；It’s worthwhile doing/ to do sth.
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幻灯片 32那个地方值得一去。(一句多译)
③The place is _______ a visit.
=The place is _______ __ a visit.
=The place is worth visiting.
④The place is _______ __ being visited.
=The place is _______ to be visited.
⑤It is ____________ visiting the place.
=It is ____________ to visit the place.
worth
worthy of
worthy of
worthy
worthwhile
worthwhile
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幻灯片 33【助记】This article is well worth reading, but it is not worthy of being translated. So I feel that all your effort isn’t worthwhile. 这篇文章很值得一读，但不值得翻译，因此我觉得你的所有努力都是不值得的。
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幻灯片 34【真题链接】
［2010湖北，24］Mistakes don’t just happen; they occur for a reason. Find out the reason, and then making the mistake becomes ________.
A. favourable B. precious
C. essential D. worthwhile
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幻灯片 35【解析】选D。句意：错误不会无缘无故地发生，而是有原因的；找到错误原因，从而使犯错误变得有价值。根据句意，选择D项。favourable赞许的，称赞的，(条件)优惠的；precious 珍贵的；essential必不可少的，均不合题意。
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幻灯片 365. alternative adj. 可供替代的；两者择一的，(两者中)非此即
彼的
n. 可供选择的事物；取舍，抉择
have no alternative but to do sth.
没有其他选择只能做某事
alternative to ……的替换物
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幻灯片 37①He had to work harder or to be sent away from school, and he chose the first alternative.
他要么必须更加用功，要么就得退学，结果他选择了前者。
②Some areas are buying buses that use natural gas or other alternative fuels.
一些地区正购买使用天然气或者其他可替代燃料的公共汽车。
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幻灯片 38③There are several ___________ ___ your plan.
除了你的计划外，还有另外几种供选择的方案。
④I’m afraid if this noise goes on, I shall _____ __ _________ ___ __call the police.
如果吵闹声继续下去，我恐怕就只好叫警察了。
alternatives to
have no alternative
but to
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幻灯片 39【真题链接】
［2009湖北，27］As there is less and less coal and oil, scientists are exploring new ways of making use of ________ energy, such as sunlight, wind and water for power and fuel.
A. primary B. alternative
C. instant D. unique
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幻灯片 40【解析】选B。考查形容词辨析。句意：因为煤和石油都越来越少，科学家们正在探索像太阳能、风能、水能等可替代能源和燃料的新的使用方法。alternative “可供选择的，可替代的”，符合句意。primary“首要的，初期的”；instant“立即的，迅速的”；unique“独特的”。
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幻灯片 416. possession n. [U]拥有，具有，占有，持有
[pl.]个人财产，私人物品
(1)sb. be in possession of sth. /sth. be in sb. ’s possession
某人拥有某物
sth. be in the possession of sb. 某物为某人所拥有
come into possession 得到，落入
have/ get possession of 占有，拥有
take possession of 占领，夺取
(2)possess v. (使)占有，(使)拥有
be possessed of 拥有，占有
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幻灯片 42①The people had to gather up their few possessions and flee to the hills.
人们不得不收拾起仅有的一点财物，逃到山里去。
②You can’t _____ _________ __ the house until all the papers have been signed.
在各项文件签完字以前，你不能拥有那房屋。
take possession of
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幻灯片 43③Their opponents were in possession of the ball for most of the match. (句型转换)
=The ball was __ ___ _________ __ their opponents for most of the match.
他们的对手在比赛的大部分时间里控制着球。
【点津】 in possession of 的主语是人，in the possession of的主语为物。
in the possession of
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幻灯片 447. means n. [C]手段，方法 n. [pl. ]财富；钱财
(1)a means of. . . ……的方法
means of production/ transport/ communication
生产工具/运输工具/通信手段
(2)by means of 用，依靠；通过
by all means 无论如何；千方百计地；当然可以(口语)
by no means 绝对不；无论如何都不(用于句首，句
子要倒装)
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幻灯片 45①Taking a plane is the quickest means of getting there.
去那儿最快的办法是坐飞机。
②—May I borrow your paper? 我可以借你的报纸吗?
—______________. 当然可以。
③____________ should he be left alone.
绝对不能把他单独留下。
By all means
By no means
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幻灯片 46【点津】
(1)means是单复数同形(永远有词尾-s)的单词，若用其作主语，其谓语的数需根据句意来确定。
(2)有时用作主语其单复数意思不明，则谓语可用单数也可用复数。
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幻灯片 47用所给单词的适当形式填空
④Most means ______(have) been used to get him to change his mind, but one means __ (be) still to be tried.
为了转变他的想法，大多数办法都用过了，但是有一种办法还没有试。
⑤The end is good, but the means ______(be) bad.
结局很好，但采取的手段是不好的。
have
is
is/are
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幻灯片 48【真题链接】
［2010江苏，27］—Do you think their table tennis team will win the first place at the coming Asian Games?
—_________. Ours is much stronger than theirs.
A. Of course B. It depends
C. Don’t mention it D. By no means
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幻灯片 49【解析】选D。考查交际用语。句意：——你觉得他们的乒乓球队在即将到来的亚运会上将会得第一名吗？——绝不可能。我们的乒乓球队比他们的队强多了。Of course(当然)；It depends(看情况)；Don’t mention it(不用谢)；By no means(决不，绝不可能，一点也不)，相当于 not at all。根据句意选择D项。
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幻灯片 508. commitment n. 承诺，保证；投入，奉献；不得不做的事
①I am very tired because I have taken on so many commitments.
我很累，因为我承担了很多的事情。
②Once you make a commitment, you will have to meet your commitment.
一旦你做出承诺，将不得不履行。
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幻灯片 51【归纳】 ___________________ 做出承诺
_________________________ 履行承诺
【拓展】 commit vt. 犯罪，做错事；把……交托给；
指派……作战；使……承担义务
commit a crime 犯罪
commit oneself to 专心致志于，献身于
commit sb. / sth. to 把……托付给……；把……提交给……
make a commitment
meet one’s commitment
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幻灯片 52【真题链接】
［2011湖北，22］Giving up my job to go back to full-time education was a big ________, but now I know it was the best decision I ever made.
A. project B. commitment
C. competition D. ambition
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幻灯片 53【解析】选B。考查名词词义辨析。句意：放弃工作重返校园对我来说是个很难的选择，但现在我知道这是我做过的最好的决定。project项目；commitment承诺, 许诺, 保证，已承诺(或同意)的事，不得不做的事；competition竞争，比赛；ambition野心。根据句意选择B项。
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幻灯片 549. remind vt. 提醒，使想起
remind sb. to do sth. / sb. that. . . 提醒某人……
remind sb. +wh- to do 提醒某人……
remind sb. of (doing) sth. 提醒某人注意(将来的)
某事；使某人想起
(过去的)某事
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幻灯片 55①These notes will remind you how to present your ideas. 这些笔记可以帮你记起怎样讲清楚你的想法。
②Your son reminds me of you at his age.
你的儿子使我想起你在他这个年龄时的样子。
③He _________ ___ __ lock up the house when I go out. 他提醒我外出时锁好屋子的门窗。
【点津】类似remind sb. of sth. 结构的短语还有：accuse sb. of sth. , rob sb. of sth. , inform sb. of sth. 等。
reminded me to
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幻灯片 56【真题链接】
［2011全国卷Ⅱ，10］Mary, I ________ John of his promise to help you.
A. told B. reminded C. warned D. advised
【解析】选B。考查动词辨析。句意：玛丽，我提醒过约翰他要帮助你的承诺。remind sb. of sth. 表示“提醒某人想起某件事情”。选项A told表示“告诉”；选项C warned表示“警告”；选项D advised表示“建议”。根据句意可知答案为B。
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幻灯片 5710. refer to 谈及，提到；与……相关，涉及；查阅，参考
阅读下列句子，体会refer to的含义
①He never referred to his sisters in his letters. (涉及，谈到，提到)
②When I said some people were stupid I wasn’t referring to you. (指的是)
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幻灯片 58③If you don’t know the exact meaning of the word, you may refer to the dictionary. (查阅，参考)
④These regulations refer to every foreigner. (适用于)
⑤He referred to us for information. (向某人询问或打听……)
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幻灯片 59【点津】
(1)refer表示“谈到，提及；涉及；查阅”时，是不及物动词，与介词to连用。
(2)look up也表示“参考，查阅”，但其宾语多为word，information等，而refer to的宾语多为book，dictionary，sb. 等。
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幻灯片 60⑥选词填空(refer to/look up)
He ___________ the dictionary in order to _________ the new word. 为了查这个生词的意思，他查阅了词典。
【拓展】 reference n. 谈到，提及；参考
in/ with reference to关于……
make a reference to谈到
referred to
look up
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幻灯片 6111. in addition 除……以外还，此外
①We met some friends and other people __ _________.
我们遇见几位朋友，还遇见其他一些人。
②You need money and time, in addition, you need diligence.
你需要金钱和时间，此外你还需要努力。
【拓展】 in addition to除……以外，除……之外还(to为介词)
in addition
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幻灯片 62③In addition to giving a general introduction to computers, the course also provides practical experience.
该课程除了大致介绍电脑知识外，还提供实际操作的经验。
【点津】当主语后跟有in addition to引出的介词短语时，谓语动词仍与其前的主语保持一致。有类似用法的还有with，together with，along with，as well as等。
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幻灯片 63用be动词的适当形式填空
④The teacher, in addition to his students, _____ interested in the book.
老师和他的学生都对这本书感兴趣。
⑤The Greens with their daughter ____ all fond of football.
格林夫妇和他们的女儿都爱好足球。
was
are
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幻灯片 6412. draw someone’s attention (to) 吸引某人的注意力(到……)，使某人注意(……)
①A familiar sound drew his attention when he was walking on the street.
他在街上正走着，一个熟悉的声音引起了他的注意。
②What his father said ____ ___ ________ __ the business he ran.
他父亲的一番话使他把注意力放到自己经营的生意上来。
drew his attention to
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幻灯片 65【拓展】写出下列短语的汉语意思
attract/ catch one’s attention __________________
bring sth. to one’s attention __________________
fix one’s attention on __________________
pay attention to __________________
引起某人的注意
引起某人的注意
留意，专心于
注意
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幻灯片 66【真题链接】
［2011江西，25］Why don’t you bring _______ to his attention that you’re too ill to work on?
A. that B. it C. this D. him
【解析】选B。考查代词。句意：为什么你不让他注意到你病得太严重了以至于不能继续工作了？it作形式宾语指代后面that引导的从句， 故选B。
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幻灯片 6713. break down 出故障；抛锚；垮掉；拆分
阅读下列句子，写出黑体部分的汉语意思
①The elevator broke down and we had to walk up to the tenth floor. ( )
②The newly published booklet breaks down into three parts.
( )
损坏，发生故障
分成若干部分，拆分
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幻灯片 68③The old man’s health broke down after a serious illness.
( )
④She broke down when she heard the news, but she quickly recovered. ( )
痛哭
(健康或精神)垮掉，变得衰弱
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幻灯片 69【拓展】
break away from 从……脱离，与……断绝关系
break in 打断，插嘴；强行闯入
break into 强行进入；突然开始(笑、欢呼等)
break off (使)折断；突然终止；中断
break out (战争、火灾等)突然发生，爆发
break up 结束；粉碎；(关系)破裂
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幻灯片 7014. make a difference产生差别，有影响，起作用
make no/ little/ much difference to
对……没有/几乎没有/有很大影响
make a difference between 区别对待
be of little/ no/ much difference
(某物)几乎没有/没有/有很大作用
tell the difference between A and B
区分A和B；说出A和B的不同
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幻灯片 71①The sea air has made a difference to her health.
海上的空气改善了她的健康状况。
②She makes a difference between her son and her daughter.
她对儿子和女儿不是一视同仁。
③It won’t _____ _____ _________ whether you go today or tomorrow.
你今天去也好，明天去也好，关系不大。
make much difference
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幻灯片 7215. My job with the UN is not paid but voluntary, and as I said before , I visit countries where the UN has programmes to help people.
我在联合国的工作不是拿薪水而是自愿的，正如我前面所说的，我访问一些国家，联合国在这些国家内有着帮助人们的计划。
as I said before是非限制性定语从句，as在从句中作宾语，意为“正如”。
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幻灯片 73(1)as可作为关系代词引导非限制性定语从句，代表整个主句的内容，所引导的定语从句可放在主句后，主句前或主句中间。
(2)as引导的从句主要起连接上下文的作用，表达说话者的观点、看法，并指出主句内容的根据或出处，翻译成“正如，正像”。
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幻灯片 74(3)as常用于一些固定结构中，如as we know/ as is known to all (众所周知)，as we all can see (正如我们大家都能看到的那样)，as has been said before/ above (正如前文所述)，as might be expected (正如预料的那样)，as is often the case (情况常常是这样)等，一般不能用which代替as。
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幻灯片 75①She was right, as Mary soon discovered.
玛丽很快发现，她是对的。
②___ ______ __ ________, the response to the question was very mixed.
正如所预料的那样，对这个问题的回答是五花八门。
③The girl has forgotten to bring her dictionary,__ __ ______ ___ ____.
正如往常一样，这个女孩忘了带来她的字典。
As might be expected
as is often
the case
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幻灯片 76【点津】
which也可以引导非限制性定语从句，但which引导的定语从句只能放在主句后，且从句在意义上相当于一个并列句，可以用and this代替，翻译成“这一点，这件事”。例如：
He sold his bike, which surprised me. (=He sold his bike, and this surprised me. )
他把自行车卖了，这使我很惊讶。
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幻灯片 77【想一想】
as可不可以引导限制性定语从句？如果可以，常用结构是哪些？
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幻灯片 78【拓展延伸】
as可以引导限制性定语从句
as作关系代词既可指人也可指物，引导限制性定语从句，常用于下列结构中：such. . . as. . . ；so. . . as. . . ；the same. . . as. . . ；as. . . as. . . 。例如：
①I never heard such stories as he tells.
我从未听过他讲的这类故事。
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幻灯片 79②The place doesn’t look the same as it was before liberation.
这个地方看上去和解放前大不一样了。
③Have you bought the same book as I referred to yesterday?
你有没有买我昨天说的那本书啊？
④You can take as many books as you need.
你需要多少书就拿多少。
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幻灯片 8016 If onlyI were a Goodwill Ambassador!
要是我是一个亲善大使多好啊！
if only意为“若是……那该多好啊；真希望……”。
(1)表示目前较难实现的愿望时用if only sb. + did/ were. . . 。
(2)表示与过去事实相反的愿望时用if only sb. +had done sth. 。
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幻灯片 81①If only she could have lived a little longer！
要是她能活得再长一些，那该多好啊！
②__ _____ __ ____ _____ ______, I could buy some new clothes.
如果我有更多的钱就好了，我可以买些新衣服了。
If only I had more money
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幻灯片 82“只有……(才) ；只有在……的时候；惟一的条件是……”。
only if 本身不是一个固定词组，only是副词，用来修饰整个if
从句，是一个对“条件”限制更严的“限制性条件状语从句”。
若用于句首，后接从句，主句要部分倒装。
if only
“但愿……，要是……就好了”，通常用来表示说话人对某事
所寄予的某种强烈愿望，相当于as long as。它可以独立使
用，用来表示由于客观条件限制，为某事不大可能或完全不
可能实现而感到惋惜或遗憾的复杂心情，常用虚拟语气。
only if
【辨析】
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幻灯片 83③I told him he would succeed only if he tried hard.
我告诉他，只有努力才能成功。
④If only I were as clever as you！
要是我像你一样聪明该多好啊！
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幻灯片 8417. (1)Arrived here to find everything was in chaos. 来到这儿，发现一切都乱糟糟的。
(2)Instead of sand blowing everywhere, there is mud and water everywhere, making it difficult to travel from place to place.
这里到处是泥和水，而不是沙子吹得满天飞，结果使得从一个地方到另一个地方旅游就很难了。
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幻灯片 85(1)句中to find. . . 为不定式短语作结果状语。
(2)句中making it difficult to travel from place to place是现在分词短语作结果状语。
(1)动词不定式作结果状语表示意想不到的结果，前面常有only。
(2)现在分词作结果状语表示“自然而然、必然的结果”。
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幻灯片 86根据汉语意思用适当的非谓语动词形式完成句子
①He lifted a stone _________ have it dropped on his own feet.
他搬起石头结果却砸了自己的脚。
②I went to see him ________ find him out.
我去看他，不料他出去了。
③There was a terrible accident, ________ the traffic jam.
发生了一次可怕的交通事故，造成了交通堵塞。
only to
only to
causing
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幻灯片 87【点津】
不定式作状语还可表示目的、条件、原因；现在分词作结果状语前面经常出现逗号。
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幻灯片 88【真题链接】
①［2010天津，12］It rained heavily in the south，________ serious flooding in several provinces.
A. caused B. having caused
C. causing D. to cause
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幻灯片 89【解析】选C。句意：南方下了大雨，结果在几个省造成了严重的洪水泛滥。根据句法结构，一个句子不可能出现两个谓语，所以排除A项。根据动作的先后顺序，应该是先下雨后造成洪水泛滥，而having caused表动作先于主句的动作发生，也就是先造成事故后下雨了，所以B项不对。下大雨而造成洪灾，是预料中的结果，现在分词作结果状语，表示预料中的结果，所以选C项。而不定式作结果状语，表示未料想到的结果，排除D项。
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幻灯片 90②［2010重庆，30］The news shocked the public, _______ to great concern about students’ safety at school.
A. having led B. led
C. leading D. to lead
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幻灯片 91【解析】选C。句意：公众对这个消息感到震惊，引起了对在校学生安全的关注。根据题干意思应该先震惊后引起，A项是现在分词的完成式，表示动作发生在主句的动作之前，所以A项是错误的。一个句子不可能出现两个谓语动词，再者to 后带着宾语，所以表主动而不是被动，所以B项不对。人们震惊而导致对在校学生安全的关注，是预料中的结果，故用C项为现在分词作结果状语，表示预料中的结果; 不定式作结果状语表示未料想到的结果，所以D项不对。
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幻灯片 92(1)have the chance to do sth. 有机会做某事
(2)stop. . . from doing 阻止……做……
(3)access的词义辨析
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幻灯片 931. ［2012龙岩模拟］—Does he still play QQ’s “Happy Farm”？
—Now that he is back in school, he rarely has ______ to the Internet.
A. way B. access C. key D. chance
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幻灯片 94【解析】选B。考查access的用法。句意：——他仍然玩QQ农场吗？——由于他返回了学校，他几乎没有机会上网了。way方法；key钥匙。access“机会”, 为不可数名词；chance“机会”为可数名词，故“有机会”, 可用have access to do或have the chance to do表达。
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幻灯片 952. 完成句子
(1) I would like to ________________(有机会) to study other languages.
(2) ________________________(很有可能) he will succeed in his career.
(3)He hasn’t ____________________(赢的机会).
have the chance
There is every chance that
the chance of winning
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幻灯片 963. 句型转换
什么也不能阻止我今晚早点儿睡觉。
There is nothing that would ______________ going to bed early tonight.
=There is nothing that would _______________ going to bed early tonight.
= There is nothing that would ____________ going to bed early tonight.
stop me from
prevent me from
keep me from
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幻灯片 97----
幻灯片 98巧点推理判断
在阅读理解中，推理就是要求考生在理解文章直接陈述的观点或描述的事实的基础上，领悟作者的言外之意(implied meaning)，得出符合作者意愿的结论，即根据作者暗示的内容，推断出合理的结论。
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幻灯片 99一、推理判断题正确选项的特点
1. 正确选项不是文章直接或明确说明的内容，是间接表达出来的，除符合文章主旨外，还符合逻辑，让考生有推敲的余地。
2. 正确选项大多含义深刻，不是常识选项。
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幻灯片 100二、推理判断题干扰选项的特点
1. 夸大事实：对于原文中的细节或论断的某方面在某种程度上进行了夸大处理。这种看似原文推断出来的结论，实际上却与原文不符。有时是因果倒置，手段变目的等。
2. 无中生有：捏造原文并不存在的信息，并以此作为依据进行推理。
3. 掺入常识：根据考生已有的常识是正确的，但却不是基于文章。
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幻灯片 1014. 推理过头：引申过度，使结论过于绝对化。
5. 原文引用：引用一些文中已言明的事实，不需推理。这种引用只是原文的简单复述，而非推断出来的结论，错把直接表达当作间接推理。
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幻灯片 102三、推理判断题解题技巧
做推理判断题时，一定不能以自己的观点来代替文章作者的观点，我们可以根据以下三点来解推理判断题。
1. 抓住特定信息进行逆向或正向推理
做此类试题要善于抓住某一段话中的关键信息，即某些关键词或短语去分析、推理、判断，利用逆向思维或正向推理，从而推断出这句话所隐含的深层含义。
2. 整合全文(段)信息进行推断
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幻灯片 103【真题连连看】
［2011四川］The multi-million pound new Library of Birmingham(LoB)will be the most visible sign of the way the city is accepting the digitalization(数字化)of everyday life.
Set to open in 2013, the ￡188m LoB is already beginning to take shape next to the Birmingham Repertory Theatre, with which it will share some equipment.
. . .
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幻灯片 10452. The text is most probably taken from ________.
A. a computer book B. a library guide
C. a project handbook D. a newspaper report
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幻灯片 105【步步精析】
52. 选D。根据文章的文体及其涉及的内容来看，该文并非在谈论电脑的问题，故A项错误。该文不仅谈了虚拟图书馆，还提到了相关行业和公司，并非一本图书馆指南所收集的内容，因此B项也不正确。根据全文内容来看，本文并非是选自一本项目手册。根据原文第一段信息可知本文是关于Birmingham数字图书馆的，本文第一段就是本文的主题段，后面讲述了该数字图书馆的一些事实和细节，这是新闻报道的常用格式。当然我们要在通读全文后才能做出正确判断。
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幻灯片 1063. 利用语境的褒贬性进行信息推断
很多文章的语境都有一定褒贬性，这种褒贬性反映了主人公的特定心理和情绪状态及作者的写作意图，因此利用好文章的语境褒贬性就能在把握主旨大意的基础上对文章进行准确的逻辑判断。
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幻灯片 107特殊句式（倒装，省略，强调）
高考题对特殊句式的考查主要集中在倒装、省略、强调上，不过近几年也出现了考查祈使句、感叹句和反意疑问句的题目。在复习时应着重注意以下几个方面：1. 熟记倒装的用法；2. 掌握强调句的构成，并熟知其与主语从句、定语从句和状语从句的区别；3. 掌握省略句的用法，尤其是状语从句中的省略规则；4. 掌握反意疑问句的特殊情况；5. 了解感叹句的七种句型结构。
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幻灯片 1081. ［2011全国卷Ⅰ, 28］Only when he reached the tea-house ________ it was the same place he’d been in last year.
A. he realized B. he did realize
C. realized he D. did he realize
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幻灯片 109【解析】选D。考查倒装。当only后跟状语并位于句首时，主句要用部分倒装，即把助动词放在主语的前面。此处only后跟时间状语从句when he reached the tea-house并位于句首，所以用部分倒装。故选D。
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幻灯片 1102. ［2011重庆, 32］—Have you seen the film Under the Hawthorn Tree?
—Of course, I have. It was in our village _______ it was made.
A. that B. where C. when D. which
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幻灯片 111【解析】选A。考查强调句。句意：——你看过电影《山楂树之恋》吗？——当然看过了，这部电影就是在我们村拍摄的。原句为It was made in our village. 该句是对地点状语进行强调，在强调句中，只有强调人时，才可以用who, 否则一律用that，故选A。
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幻灯片 1123. ［2011江苏, 33］It sounds like something is wrong with the car’s engine. ________, we’d better take it to the garage immediately.
A. Otherwise B. If not
C. But for that D. If so
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幻灯片 113【解析】选D。考查省略结构。句意：听起来好像汽车引擎出故障了。如果这样的话，我们最好立即把它送到汽修厂。otherwise否则，要不然；if not如果不这样的话；but for that要不是因为那样；if so如果这样的话。根据句意可知D项符合句意。
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幻灯片 1144. ［2011上海，30］It doesn’t matter if they want to come to your party, _________?
A. doesn’t it B. does it
C. don’t they D. do they
【解析】选B。考查反意疑问句。句意：他们是否想来参加你的聚会无关紧要，是吗？对“It doesn’t matter if+从句”句型进行反意疑问，需要针对主句进行反问，故选B。
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幻灯片 115 5. ［2011福建，29］ —It’s nice. Never before ______ such a special drink!
—I’m glad you like it.
A. I have had B. I had
C. have I had D. had I
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幻灯片 116【解析】选C。考查部分倒装。句意：——太好了。我以前从没喝过如此特别的饮料！——我很高兴你喜欢它。表示否定意义的词，如：never, hardly, no, not等放在句首时，句子要用部分倒装。而本题所考查的时态是强调对现在的影响，故用现在完成时，选C。
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幻灯片 1176. ［2011辽宁, 33］______ a strange plant! I’ve never seen it before.
A. Which B. What C. How D. Whether
【解析】选B。考查感叹句的引导词。句意：多么稀奇的一种植物！我以前从未见过。根据后面的“！”可知此句为感叹句，要用what或how来引导。此句构成了what +a/an+形容词+可数名词单数的句型，如用how引导，此句要改为How strange the plant is!
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幻灯片 1187. ［2011陕西, 23］It is not how much we do but how much love we put into what we do ________ benefits our work most.
A. who B. which
C. that D. what
【解析】选C。考查强调句型。句意：不是我们做了多少而是我们在所做的事情中投入了多少的爱才真正对我们的工作有益。本句强调主语。
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幻灯片 1198. ［2011重庆, 28］I told them not everybody could run as fast as you did, ______ ?
A. could he B. didn’t I
C. didn’t you D. could they
【解析】 选B。考查反意疑问句。句意：我告诉过他们并不是每个人都能跑得像你那么快，难道不是吗？含有宾语从句的主从复合句，反意疑问句常与主句保持一致，本句的主句为一般过去时的肯定形式，故选B。
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幻灯片 1209. ［2011四川， 15］Was it on a lonely island ______ he was saved one month after the boat went down？
A. where B. that C. which D. what
【解析】选B。考查强调句型。句意: 小船下沉一个月之后，他是在一座孤岛上获救的吗？本句是强调句，被强调部分是on a lonely island, 故选B。
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幻灯片 12110. ［2010重庆，33］At the meeting place of the Yangtze River and the Jialing River_____, one of the ten largest cities in China.
A. lies Chongqing B. Chongqing lies
C. does lie Chongqing D. does Chongqing lie
【解析】选A。考查倒装结构。句意：重庆——中国十个最大的城市之一，位于长江和嘉陵江的交汇处。地点介词短语在句子中作状语放于句首时，句子要用完全倒装，也就是谓语动词完全放在主语之前，所以选A。
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幻灯片 12211. ［2009陕西，18］Little _____ about her own safety, though she was in great danger herself.
A. did Rose care B. Rose did care
C. Rose does care D. does Rose care
【解析】选A。考查倒装结构。句意：虽然身处险境，Rose却丝毫不在乎她个人的安危。little是否定副词，否定副词置于句首时，句子用部分倒装；再依据后面的“was”一词，可知事情发生在过去，用过去时，所以A项正确。
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幻灯片 12312. ［2009重庆，33］Unsatisfied ________ with the payment, he took the job just to get some work experience.
A. though was he B. though he was
C. he was though D. was he though
【解析】选B。考查倒装结构。句意：虽然对工资不满意，但是他为了得到一些工作经验还是接受了这份工作。在让步状语从句中，可以将从句中的表语提前，构成“表语+though/as+主语+……”。
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幻灯片 12413. ［2009山东，27］So sudden _______ that the enemy had no time to escape.
A. did the attack B. the attack did
C. was the attack D. the attack was
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幻灯片 125【解析】选C。考查倒装结构。句意：这次袭击如此突然以至于敌人没有时间逃跑。在so. . . that结构中，so+形容词/副词部分位于句首时，主句的主谓一般采用部分倒装形式，如果谓语动词为be的一般现在式或一般过去式，则使用完全倒装形式。本句的正常语序为：The attack was so sudden that the enemy had no time to escape. 故选C项。
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幻灯片 12614. ［2009四川, 16］Not until I came home last night _____ to bed.
A. Mum did go B. did Mum go
C. went Mum D. Mum went
【解析】选B。考查倒装结构。句意：昨晚妈妈直到我回家才睡觉。not until位于句首时，主句中要将助动词置于主语之前，构成部分倒装。
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幻灯片 12715. ［2009天津，14］I travel to the Binhai New Area by light railway every day, ________ do many businessmen who live in downtown Tianjin.
A. as B. which C. when D. though
【解析】选A。考查倒装结构。句意：每天，我像许多住在天津商业中心的商人一样，坐轻轨火车去滨海新区。as引导定语从句，表示一种情况也适用于另外的人或事。在这种用法中，as后面的句子要倒装。
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幻灯片 128表1 倒装句用法一览表
全部
倒装
(把
全部
谓语
提到
主语
之前)
以here, there, out,
in, up, down, away
等副词开头，谓语动
词多为be, come, go
等，主语是名词。
副词+谓语
+主语
①Here are some
picture books.
②Out rushed a cat
from under the
table.
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幻灯片 129全部
倒装
(把
全部
谓语
提到
主语
之前)
以then, now, thus,
such开头，谓语动词
多为come, follow,
begin, end, be，主
语是名词。
副词+谓语
+主语
①Then came a new
difficulty.
②Such was Albert
Einstein, a simple
but great scientist.
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幻灯片 130全部
倒装
(把
全部
谓语
提到
主语
之前)
表地点的介词短语
位于句首，且谓语
动词为不及物动词。
主语是名词。
介词短语+
谓语+主语
① On the top of the
hill stands a temple
where the old man
once lived.
② In a lecture hall
of a university in
England sat a
professor.
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幻灯片 131全部
倒装
(把
全部
谓语
提到
主语
之前)
表语置于
句首，为
了保持句
子平衡，
以示强调，
或利于上
下文衔接。
①Outside the
doctor’s clinic were
20 patients.
②Present at the
meeting were
experts from
Europe.
③Seated in the first
line are some
advanced workers.
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幻灯片 132部分
倒装
(助动
词，
系动
词be，
情态
动词
提到
主语
前)
only所修饰
的副词、介
词短语或从
句位于句首
作状语时
① Only then did I
realize the
importance of
mathematics.
② Only in this
way can you solve
this problem.
③Only after he
finished the work
did he leave.
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幻灯片 133部分
倒装
(助动
词，
系动
词be，
情态
动词
提到
主语
前)
含有否定意义的副
词或介词短语(not,
never, seldom, little,
hardly, by no means,
not until, on no
condition, in no case,
under no
circumstances)位于
句首时
否定副词或
介词短语+
助动词/系
动词/情态
动词+主语
+谓语其他
部分
①Not a single
mistake did he
make.
②Never before
have I seen such
a moving film.
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幻灯片 134部分
倒装
(助动
词，
系动
词be，
情态
动词
提到
主语
前)
hardly. . . when,
no sooner. . . than,
not only. . . but (also)
等引导两个分句时，
如果hardly, no
sooner, not only位于
句首，前一个分句用
部分倒装，后一个分
句不变。
Hardly/No
sooner/Not
only+助动
词/系动词/
情态动词+
主语+谓语
其他部分+
when/than/
but also+分
句
① No sooner had
the bell rung than
the teacher came in.
② Not only was
he forced to stay
home, but also
he had to do his
homework.
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幻灯片 135部分倒装
(助动词，
系动词be，
情态动词
提到主语
前)
so. . . that中的
so位于句首时
So+adj. /adv.
+系动词/助
动词/情态动
词+主语+谓
语其他部分
+that从句
①So small was the
market that I could
hardly see it.
②So clearly does he
speak English that
he can always make
himself understood.
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幻灯片 136部分倒装
(助动词，
系动词be，
情态动词
提到主语
前)
so/neither/nor
置于句首，意
为“也”或“也
不”表示前面所
说的情况也适
用于另一个人
或事物时
so/neither/
nor+系动
词/助动
词/情态动
词+主语
①I went there
yesterday, so did
she.
②Tom doesn’t
like bananas,
neither/nor do I.
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幻灯片 137部分倒
装(助动
词，系
动词be，
情态动
词提到
主语前)
though/as引导
让步状语从句
时，意为“尽
管”，通常把
句中状语、表
语或动词提前；
若表语是名词，
其前不用冠词。
①Child as/
though he is,
he knows a lot.
②Object as
you may, I will
go.
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幻灯片 138部分倒
装(助动
词，系
动词be，
情态动
词提到
主语前)
当if引导的虚拟
条件从句中含有
had, were或
should等时，如
将if省略，则要
将had, were或
should等移到主
语之前
Had/Were/Should
+主语+谓语其他部
分+主句
Had I attended
the meeting, I
would have met
Jim.
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幻灯片 1391. there, here, now, then, up,
down, in, away,off, out等副词
置于句首，但主语为人称代词
时，不用倒装。
①Here you are.
②Then he left.
③Away they hurried.
2. only修饰主语时，不能倒装。
Only he knows the
secret.
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幻灯片 1403. 若两个主语一致时，则表示同
意以上观点，不能倒装，此时so
表示“的确如此”。
—He looks young.
— So he does.
4. 当前面两件或两件以上的事也
适合于另一人或物时，通常用
“so it is with. . . ”或“it is the same
with. . . ”。
Tom likes singing, but
he doesn’t like dancing.
So it is with Mary.
5. Neither. . . , nor. . . “……不……，
……也不……”，连接两个并列分
句时，这两个并列分句都用倒装结
构。
Neither do I know it,
nor do I care about it.
我不知道这件事，也不
关心。
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幻灯片 141表2 省略句用法一览表
宾
语
从
句
由which, when, where或
how引导的宾语从句中与
主句重复的主语及谓语可
全部或部分省略，只保留
一个连接代词或连接副词。
He will come back, but he
doesn’t know when(he will
come back).
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幻灯片 142宾
语
从
句
引导宾语从句的从属连词that可省
略。但及物动词后跟两个或两个以
上that引导的宾语从句时，只有第
一个连词that可省略。
He told me(that) she
was a beautiful girl
and that she was
clever.
I’m afraid, I think, I believe,
I hope, I guess等作答语，后面so
与not分别等于肯定和否定，宾语
从句可省略。
—Do you think it
will rain?
—I hope not(that
it will not rain).
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幻灯片 143在限制性定语从句中，关系代词that, which,
whom充当宾语，而且前面无介词时可省略。
关系代词在从句中作表语时也可省略。
He lost the watch (that/
which)I bought
yesterday.
关系副词when, where, why有时也可省略。
That’s the very reason
(why)I want to go
abroad.
the way, the time后的定语从句，常省略关
系词。
①I don’t like the
way( that/in which) he
speaks to others.
②I don’t know the time
( when) he arrived.
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幻灯片 144当状语从句的主语和主句
的主语一致或从句的主语
为it且从句谓语中有be动
词时，可以省略状语从句
中的主语和be动词。
①Please come here as soon
as ( it is )possible.
②She won’t come to the
party unless( she is )invited.
③Though ( they were )tired,
they went on walking.
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幻灯片 145在虚拟条件句中，如含
有had, were, should等
助动词，if可省略，句
子要用倒装。
Were I (=If I were) twenty
now, I would join the army.
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幻灯片 146不定
式符
号to
的省
略
感官动词或使役动词(如feel,
see, hear, notice, let, make, have等)后接不定式作宾语补
足语时省略to。
I heard someone sing in the
next room.
在do nothing but, can’t help
but, why not, would rather. . .
than. . . ; prefer to do. . . rather
than. . . 等句型中省略to。
①He did nothing but wait
all the time.
②Rather than ride on a
crowded bus, he always
prefers to ride a bicycle.
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幻灯片 147不
定
式
省
略
使用不定式符号to来代替不定式后被
省略的动词，常在be afraid, expect,
forget, hope, intend, like, love,
mean, prefer, refuse, seem, try, want,
wish等的后边。
I asked him to see the
film, but he adidn’t
want to.
在某些形容词glad, happy, pleased,
delighted等后面。
—Will you join in the
game?
—I’d be glad to.
如果不定式中含有be, have, have
been, 通常保留be, have和have been。
—Are you a sailor?
—No, but I used to be.
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幻灯片 148表3 强调句用法一览表
It is/was. . . that/who可以对除
谓语以外的成分进行强调。当
强调部分为“人”时，可用that
或who, 其他情况下用that。
It was him that we met
at the school gate.
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幻灯片 149在强调句中，当强调主语时，
其后的谓语动词应和其主语
在人称和数上保持一致。
①It is White and Betty
who often do good deeds
for the old lady.
②It is only I who/that
am willing to go to see
the film.
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幻灯片 150如果原句的谓语动词是现在时
或将来时，强调句结构须用：
It is. . . that/who. . . ; 如原句的
谓语动词是过去时态，则其结
构须用It was. . . that/who. . . 。
①It was I who saw him
in the street yesterday
afternoon.
②What is it that you
want me to do?
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幻灯片 151“not. . . until. . . ”句型的强调结构为
“It is/was not until. . . that. . . ”。
It was not until 11 o’clock last
night that he went to bed.
强调句型的一般疑问句形式：
Is/Was it+被强调部分+that/who+
其他成分
Was it in 1939 that the Second
World War broke out?
强调句的特殊疑问句句型为：
疑问词+is/was+it +that/who. . . ? 。
Where was it that you met
Jack yesterday?
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幻灯片 152do/does/did+动词原形
Do come here this evening.
“never+助动词do”也常
用来表示强调。一般意
为“从来没有，绝不”。
I never did like her, you know.
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幻灯片 153表4 强调句型与其他从句的辨析
与主语
从句的
区别
强调句型去掉It is/was. . .
that. . . 之后，句子结构仍然
完整，而主语从句却不能。
①It is there that accidents often happen.
(强调句)
②It is a fact that English is being
accepted as an international language.
(主语从句)
与定语
从句的
区别
强调句中that 没有意义，且
不作任何成分，而定语从句
中that为关系代词，在从句中
充当主语、宾语或表语。
①It is novels that Miss William enjoys
reading. (强调句)
②It is a question that needs careful
consideration. (定语从句)
强调句型去掉It is/was. . . that
后，结构完整，而It is. . .
when. . . 中，it指代时间。
①It was at six o’clock that I got up
today. (强调句)
②It was six o’clock when I got up
today. (状语从句)
与状语
从句的
区别
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幻灯片 154表5 其他重要的特殊句式
陈述
部分
含有
must
当must作“必须”讲时，其反
意疑问词用needn’t；当含有
mustn’t(不允许、禁止)时，
其反意疑问词用must/may。
①You must go now,
needn’t you?
②You mustn’t smoke
here, must/may you?
当must表示推测时，其反意
疑问词同去掉must还原之后的
句子所使用的反意疑问词。
①You must have heard
about it , haven’t you?
②You must have watched
that football match last
night, didn’t you?
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幻灯片 155陈述部分含有
used to
其反意疑问词用usedn’t
或didn’t。
You used to sleep with
the windows open,
usedn’t /didn’t you?
陈述部分含有
ought to
其反意疑问词用
oughtn’t或shouldn’t。
He ought to attend the
lecture, oughtn’t/
shouldn’t he?
陈述部分含有
否定词或半否
定词
反意疑问部分的动词
用肯定形式。
He could hardly walk
without a stick, could
he?
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幻灯片 156陈述部
分含有
由表示
否定意
义的前
缀构成
的词
其反意疑问部分的动词一般
用否定形式。
Tom dislikes playing
tennis, doesn’t he?
当陈述
部分带
有宾语
从句时
疑问部分的主语与助动词常
和主句保持一致，但如果主
句的谓语动词是think, believe,
suppose, guess, expect, imagine
等，且主语为第一人称时，疑
问部分的主语和时态与宾语从
句的主语和时态保持一致。
①He said that he
would come to my
birthday party,
didn’t he?
②I don’t believe he will
succeed, will he?
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幻灯片 157否定式
在动词前面加don’t
Don’t be so sure.
强调式
肯定句在其前加do, 否定句
在其前加never
①Do come on time this evening.
②Never come late!
带有主语
的祈使句
为了加强语气或特别指明向谁
提出命令或要求、吩咐几个人
分头做几件事时须加主语“you”,
有时还可同时加称呼语。
Tom, you water the flowers!
You, girls, clean the desks;
you, boys, sweep the floor.
祈使句
+and/or
+陈述句
陈述句往往用一般将来时
Work hard and you will
succeed.
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幻灯片 158How +形容词/副词+主语+谓语！
How fast he is running!
How+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数
+主语+谓语！
How difficult a problem it is!
How+主语+谓语！
How time flies!
What+a/an+形容词+可数名词单
数+主语+谓语！
What a clever boy he is!
What+形容词+不可数名词+主语+
谓语！
What sweet water it is!
What+形容词+复数名词+主语+
谓语！
What beautiful flowers these are!
What+名词+主语+谓语！
What news it is!
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幻灯片 1591. ［2012杭州模拟］When asked to explain ________ he did to make his students so fascinated with his lessons, the teacher paused and thought deeply.
A. what was it that B. that what it was
C. what it was that D. what was it
【解析】选C。考查强调句型。句意：当被要求解释他到底做了什么使得学生痴迷于他的课时，这位老师停了下来并深思起来。本句强调宾语what。
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幻灯片 1602. Mr. Smith never does any reading in the evening; ______ .
A．so does Mrs. Smith
B．neither doesn’t Mrs. Smith
C．nor does Mrs. Smith
D．nor Mrs. Smith does
【解析】选C。考查倒装。句意：史密斯先生晚上从来不读书，史密斯夫人也不。由never可排除A项。neither/nor置于句首时，句子要部分倒装。
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幻灯片 1613. ［2012赣州模拟］—Jim, you ________ quiet! Don’t you know it’s time for class now?
—Sorry, sir.
A. being B. be C. are D. will be
【解析】 选B。句意：——吉姆，安静！难道你不知道现在上课了吗？——对不起，老师。本句表示命令，因此用带有主语的祈使句。
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幻灯片 1624. ［2012西安模拟］Listen! His family must be quarrelling, ________ ?
A. mustn’t it B. isn’t it
C. aren’t they D. needn’t they
【解析】选C。句意：听，他一家人一定在争吵，是吗？must在表示推测时，其反意疑问句等同于去掉must还原后的句子的反意疑问句，故选C。
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幻灯片 1635. The notice says that only when your identity has been checked ________.
A. will you allow in B. will you be allowed in
C. you will allow in D. you will be allowed in
【解析】选B。考查倒装。句意：通知写到：只有当身份得到核实时才能允许你进来。only+状语放在句首时，主句应该用部分倒装。
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幻灯片 1646. You won’t surf the Internet before you finish your homework, ________ you?
A. do B. don’t C. will D. won’t
【解析】选C。考查反意疑问句。句意：在你完成作业前不能上网，好吗？陈述部分用否定形式won’t，反意疑问部分应该用肯定形式will。
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幻灯片 1657. ［2012宝鸡模拟］It was not ________ she took off her dark glasses ________ I realized she was a famous film star．
A．until; that B．when; that
C．until; when D．when; then
【解析】选A。考查强调句型。句意：直到她摘下墨镜我才意识到她是著名的影星。not until的强调句式为It is/was not until. . . that. . . 。
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幻灯片 1668. ________ me if I’m wrong, but haven’t we met before?
A. Correct B. Correcting
C. To correct D. Having corrected
【解析】选A。考查祈使句。句意：如果我错了请纠正我，但我们以前没见过面吗？祈使句应该以动词原形开头。
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幻灯片 1679. ［2012杭州模拟］No sooner _______ out of her car than two men in black pushed her into the car with a gun pointing at her.
A. she has got B. had she got
C. did she get D. she had got
【解析】选B。考查倒装。句意：她刚一下车两个穿黑衣服的男子就用枪指着她把她推进了车里。no sooner. . . than. . . 一……就……, 主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时，而且no sooner置于句首时，主句用部分倒装。
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幻灯片 16810. ________, the dancers practice hard to make their dreams come true.
A．Being disabled as they
B．Although disabled they are
C．Disabled though they are
D．As they are disabled
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幻灯片 169【解析】选C。考查倒装。句意：尽管她们是残疾人，这些舞蹈演员努力练习以使梦想成真。though在引导让步状语从句时，可用倒装语序。
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幻灯片 17011. ［2012南昌模拟］The experiment shows that proper amounts of exercise, if ________ regularly, can improve our health.
A. carried out B. carrying out
C. being carried out D. to carry out
【解析】选A。考查省略。句意：实验表明，如果定期进行适度的锻炼，可以改进我们的健康状况。if carried out regularly是if it is carried out的省略。
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幻灯片 17112. Never ________ forget the days when _______ together with you．
A．shall I; I lived B．shall I; did I live
C．I shall; I lived D．I shall; did I live
【解析】选A。考查倒装。句意：我永远不会忘记和你在一起住的日子。never放在句首时，主句倒装，而从句不用倒装语序。
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幻灯片 17213. ［2012南充模拟］—John and Tom, you two clean the classroom today, ________ ?
—But we cleaned it yesterday.
A. do you B. will you
C. didn’t you D. don’t you
【解析】选B。考查反意疑问句。句意：——约翰和汤姆，今天你们两个打扫教室，好吗？——但是我们昨天打扫了。表示请求的祈使句，反意疑问部分用will you。
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幻灯片 17314. Hearing the dog barking fiercely, away ________ ．
A．the thief fled B．was the thief fleeing
C．the thief was fleeing D．fled the thief
【解析】选D。考查倒装。away 放在句首，主语是名词时使用倒装语序，此处主语为名词the thief，故D项正确。
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幻灯片 17415. ［2012吉林模拟］Not until the third day after the terrible earthquake ________ a phone call from his brother.
A. he received B. did he receive
C. didn’t he receive D. had he received
【解析】选B。考查倒装。句意：直到那次可怕的地震发生后的第三天他才接到哥哥打来的电话。not until置于句首时，应采用部分倒装。
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幻灯片 17516. —Hi, are you an engineer in Lenovo Group?
—No, but I ________.
A. want to B. want to be
C. want so D. want it
【解析】选B。考查省略。答话人想成为联想集团的工程师，答语是“No, but I want to be an engineer in Lenovo Group. ”的省略形式。当不定式后有be时，be 不可省略。
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幻灯片 17617. ________ and I’ll have the book completed.
A. Have one more month
B. One more month
C. Given one more month
D. If I have one more month
【解析】选B。考查特殊句式。句意：再给我一个月的时间，我就会把这本书写完。祈使句+and+陈述句，为固定句式。
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幻灯片 17718. ［2012郑州模拟］Was it because of the heavy snowstorm in Europe ________ the flight had to be put off?
A. which B. so C. why D. that
【解析】选D。考查强调句。这是强调句的一般疑问句，正常的语序是：“It was because of the heavy snowstorm in Europe that the flight had to be put off. ”被强调部分是表示原因的状语。
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幻灯片 17819. The footballer didn’t succeed in scoring, though ________ several chances by his teammates.
A. was give B. being given
C. giving D. given
【解析】选D。考查省略句式。该句though后面是省略，相当于though he was given several chances by his teammates。从句主语与主句主语一致，且从句中含be动词，故可省略从句中的he was。
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幻灯片 17920. ［2012西安模拟］I really don’t know ________ I put my wallet after I paid the bill.
A. where was it B. it was where that
C. where it was that D. where was it that
【解析】选C。考查强调句特殊疑问句的语序。句意：我真的不知道我付过账单后把钱包放在什么地方了。强调句特殊疑问句的语序为：特殊疑问词 + is/was it + that + 其他。根据语意可知，know后面是宾语从句，所以用陈述语序，故选C。
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幻灯片 18021. ［2012合肥模拟］—Amazingly, Zhuo Jun got the first place for the China’s Got Talent (中国达人秀) last night．
—So wonderfully ________ in the show that he deserved it．
A．did he perform B．had he performed
C．he performed D．he had performed
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幻灯片 181【解析】选A。考查时态和倒装。句意：——令人吃惊的是，昨晚卓君在中国达人秀节目中获得第一名。——他表演得这么好，因此是应得的。so. . . that. . . 引导结果状语从句，so置于句首时，使用部分倒装。
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幻灯片 18222. —________ you got the news that the rocket was sent up successfully?
—On the radio.
A. How was it that B. How it was that
C. What was it that D. What it was that
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幻灯片 183【解析】选A。考查强调句中的疑问形式。句意：——你怎么得知火箭成功发射的消息的？——从收音机里。根据答语“On the radio”，可知应用表示方式的疑问词how；该句是强调句的特殊疑问句式，语序应为特殊疑问词 + is/was it + that + 其他成分，故选A。
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幻灯片 18423. ［2012合肥模拟］Hardly ________ to the airport ________ he was surrounded by many journalists and fans.
A. the famous singer had got; when
B. the famous singer got; then
C. had the famous singer got; when
D. did the famous singer get; then
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幻灯片 185【解析】选C。考查倒装句。“hardly. . . when. . . = scarcely. . . when. . . = no sooner. . . than”表示“一……就……”。当hardly, scarcely 或no sooner位于句首时，句中用部分倒装。
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幻灯片 18624. ［2012福州模拟］There is a possibility that these hens could be frightened and lay fewer eggs ________ a sudden loud noise.
A. would there be B. should there be
C. there was D. there having been
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幻灯片 187【解析】选B。考查倒装。句意：如果猛然出现巨大的响声，这些鸡会受到惊吓，下蛋量减少，这是可能的。根据语意，原句应为. . . if there should be a sudden loud noise, if虚拟条件句中有should时，可以把if省略，should提前，变成should there be 结构，据此选B。
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幻灯片 18825. ［2012沈阳模拟］ ________ eastward, ________ you’ll pass mountains and thousands of lakes and forests.
A. Going; / B. If you go; and
C. Going; and D. To; and
【解析】选A。考查句式结构。句意：向东走，你将会经过群山和成千上万的湖泊和森林。分析各个选项可知，B项中的and去掉后才能构成主从复合句；C项and去掉后，构成一个简单句，现在分词作状语；D项不符合语法，所以选A。
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