幻灯片 1Unit 2 Growing pains 成长的烦恼
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幻灯片 2话题之二 ——环境保护
三年4考
[2011浙江]假设你是高中生李越，有感于校园中存在的随意涂写(to scribble)和乱丢垃圾(to litter)的行为，请用英语给校长写一封100～120个词的信。信中应包括以下内容：
1. 说明写信目的；2. 对这些行为进行批评；3. 提出建议。
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幻灯片 3June 8, 2011
Dear Mr. Headmaster,
I am Li Yue, a student from Class 1, Senior 2. I am writing to draw your attention to some improper behaviour among us students: littering and scribbling. It makes our school dirty and unpleasant, and does harm to the image of our school. I always feel ashamed whenever I see this. It is clearly not appropriate for a student to litter and scribble about. I wonder if the school could place more dustbins around and set
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幻灯片 4up specific rules against such behaviour. At the same time, students should be encouraged to develop good habits and better behave themselves. I believe that, with the joint efforts of both teachers and students, our school will become a more enjoyable place in the near future.
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幻灯片 5 Thank you for your consideration.
Yours faithfully,
Li Yue
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幻灯片 61. 文章要点齐全, 切合试题要求。
本文首先说明写信动机——让校长对校园里同学们随意涂写和乱丢垃圾的行为引起足够的重视; 接下来是对这些行为的批评态度；最后提出改进的建议。
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幻灯片 72. 全文行文流畅，使用词汇地道、高级。
①高级词汇和短语：draw your attention to, improper, image, feel ashamed, appropriate, set up, joint, enjoyable
②高级句型：. . . whenever. . . ，It is+adj. +for sb. to do
③语篇过渡语：at the same time
④多样性表达：表达建议
a)I wonder if. . .
b). . . should be encouraged to do. . .
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幻灯片 8【佳作习得】翻译句子
无论你多富有，都要遵守法规。
You must obey the rules and regulations however rich you are.
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幻灯片 9Ⅰ. 单词盘点
根据词性和汉语意思写出词汇
1. ___(n. ) (戏剧的)一幕
2. _____(n. ) 成年人
3. _____(n. ) 过错，错误
4. _____(n. ) (戏剧的)一场；场面；景色
act
adult
fault
scene
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幻灯片 105. _____(adj. ) 不高兴的，失望的
(vt. ) 使不高兴，使失望
6. _________(n. ) 突发事件；紧急情况
7. _______(vt. ) 值得；应得；应受
8. ____(adj. ) 粗鲁的，无礼的
9. ______(vt. ) 处理；应付
10. _____(vi. ) 坚持，坚持认为
upset
emergency
deserve
rude
handle
insist
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幻灯片 1111. ______(vt. ) 禁止
12. _______(n. &adj. ) 正常(的)，一般(的)
13. ____(n. ) 限制；极限；界限
(vt. ) 限制
14. _______(vt. &vi. &n. ) 平衡；抵消
15. _________(adj. )受惊的；害怕的→ ________(vt. &vi. )
(使)害怕→ __________(adj. )令人害怕的
forbid
normal
limit
balance
frightened
frighten
frightening
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幻灯片 1216. ______(vi. )挨饿；饿死(vt. )使挨饿→ __________(n. )饥饿；饿死
17. _______(vt. )容忍；允许→ ________(n. )容忍→ _______(adj. )容忍的
18. ________(n. )行为，举止→ ______(v. )表现
19. ______(vt. )辩解，辩白→ _______(n. )辩解，辩白
20. __________(n. )解释，说明→ _______(vt. )解释，说明
21. ____(vi. )往往，趋向(vt. )照看→ ________(n. )趋向
starve
starvation
tolerate
tolerance
tolerant
behavior
behave
defend
defence
explanation
explain
tend
tendency
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幻灯片 13【品词自测】根据所给词的适当形式填空
①He ________ his idea that each of us should refuse to buy foreign products in _______ of our national industry. (defend)
②I will not _______ that sort of behavior in my class and no one will be _______ of that. (tolerate)
defended
defence
tolerate
tolerant
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幻灯片 14③I tried to ______ to him why I was late, but he just wouldn’t listen to my __________ . (explain)
④I ______ my brother carefully, and he had the ________ to recover soon. (tend)
⑤You shouldn’t have __________ her. Look, she is too _________ to join us in this tour. (frighten)
explain
explanation
tended
tendency
frightened
frightened
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幻灯片 15Ⅱ. 短语回放
1. 出现；调高(音量) ______________________
2. 迫不及待地做某事 ______________________
3. 应该……，应当…… ______________________
4. 处理 ______________________
5. 对……苛刻, 对……严厉 ______________________
turn up
can’t wait to do something
be supposed to
do with
be hard on
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幻灯片 166. 既然；由于 ___________
7. 不睡觉，熬夜 ___________
8. 混淆，弄乱；搅匀，拌和 ___________
9. 好像，似乎 ___________
10. 坚持，坚持认为 ___________
11. 现在 ___________
12. 依靠 ___________
now that
stay up
mix up
as if
insist on
at present
depend on
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幻灯片 1713. 记住 _____________
14. 放弃 _____________
15. 经历 _____________
16. 与……一起 _____________
17. 结果(是) _____________
keep. . . in mind
give up
go through
along with
turn out
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幻灯片 18Ⅲ. 句式扫描
1. Mom and Dad arrive back from vacation a day earlier ____________ (比预期的).
2. The room is in a mess, _________________________ (地板上堆放着许多比萨饼盒子)and dirty dishes in the sink.
3. Listen to me, young man—we _______________ (委托给你负责)！
than expected
with pizza boxes on the floor
left you in charge
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幻灯片 194. Daniel __________________ (双臂交叉) and looks upset.
5. I wish I ______________________ (带了我的伞). It’s raining cats and dogs.
6. Also, _________ (每次) I watch a DVD he sends me to bed or tells me to spend more time studying.
has his arms crossed
had brought my umbrella
every time
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幻灯片 20【仿句自测】根据下面句式仿写句子
①leave+宾语+宾语补足语“使……处于某种状态”
仿写：我让孩子们看电视。
I left the children watching television.
②have sth. done“把……做完”
仿写：我要在五点前把工作完成。
I’ll have the work finished before 5 o’clock.
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幻灯片 21③wish+虚拟语气从句“但愿……就好了”
仿写：我要是当时采纳了你的建议就好了。
I wish I had taken your advice then.
④every time+从句 “每次……”
仿写：不要每次碰到不认识的单词就停下来。
Don’t stop every time you come to a word you don’t know.
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幻灯片 231. fault n. 过错，错误
find fault (with)
挑剔，找(……的)岔子，对……吹毛求疵
be one’s fault that-clause/for doing sth.
……是某人的过失
at fault 感到困惑；出毛病；有责任
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幻灯片 24①They found fault with every box I made.
他们对我制作的每一个箱子都不满意。
②It was in 1976, I believe, if my memory is not at fault.
我认为那是在1976年, 如果我没记错的话。
③___ __ _____ for not making your new job clear.
没有说清楚你的新工作，这是我的过失。
It’s my fault
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幻灯片 252. upset adj. 不高兴的，失望的；心烦的，苦恼的
vt. 使不高兴，使失望；打翻，弄翻；搅乱，扰乱；使
心烦，使苦恼
be upset at/about/over (doing) sth.
因为(做)……而心烦
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幻灯片 26①Don’t upset yourself—no harm has been done.
不要难过——并没有造成伤害。
②A large wave upset the boat.
一个巨浪打翻了船。
③We are _____ _____ the phenomenon that people turn a blind eye to the old in trouble.
我们对这种处于困境中的老人被人们漠视的现象担忧。
upset about
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幻灯片 27【助记】
The little boy is doing his
homework while two flies are
always upsetting him, and he is
upset about them, only to upset the glass full of water.
小男孩在做作业，有两只苍蝇老是嗡嗡地打扰他，小男孩很烦恼，结果失手打翻了装满水的杯子。
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幻灯片 283. defend vt. 辩解；辩白；防卫
defend. . . from/against 保卫……；使……免受……之害
defence/defense n. 防御；辩护
in defence of 为了保卫……；为……辩护
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幻灯片 29①Their duty is to defend their country against both domestic and foreign enemies’ attack.
他们的职责是保卫国家不受国内外敌人的侵害。
②The high wall was built as a defence against intruders.
修建这堵高墙作为屏障以防外人闯入。
③They are determined to fight to the last __ _______ __ the city. 他们决心为保卫城市而战斗到底。
in defence of
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幻灯片 304. deserve vt. 值得；应得；应受
deserve sth. 值得……
deserve to do 值得做；应该做
deserve doing=deserve to be done
值得(被)做
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幻灯片 31①Daniel Shechtman deserves the 2011 Nobel Prize for chemistry for his great discovery.
丹尼尔·谢赫特曼因他的重大发现，应该获得2011年诺贝尔化学奖。
②They certainly deserved to win that match.
他们理所当然地赢得了那场比赛。
③They deserve __ __ ____ to prison. 他们应该入狱。
to be sent
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幻灯片 325. insist vi. 坚持；坚持认为
insist on(doing) sth. 坚持(做)某事
insist that-clause 坚持；坚持认为
①I insist on your taking/insist that you take immediate action.
我坚决要求你立刻采取行动。
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幻灯片 33【点津】insist后接宾语从句的用法：
(1)表示“坚持要求”“坚持要”时，其后宾语从句要用虚拟语气，即(should+)动词原形。
(2)表示“坚持认为，坚持说”，即表示一个客观事实时，其后宾语从句要用真实语气。
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幻灯片 34②Tom broke Mary’s cup this morning. Mary _______ __ his apology, but Tom refused. He insisted that he ______ ____ that. At last, Mary got angry and insisted that Tom______ ______ her a new cup besides an apology.
今天早晨汤姆打碎了玛丽的杯子。玛丽坚持要他道歉，但是汤姆拒绝了。他坚持说他没有打碎杯子。最后，玛丽生气了，她除了要得到道歉外坚持要求汤姆为她买一只新杯子。
insisted on
hadn’t done
should buy
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幻灯片 356. forbid vt. 禁止，不允许
①We should take measures to forbid returning illegal cooking oil to dinner tables.
我们应采取措施禁止地沟油回流餐桌。
②The guard forbade us to look out of the window when the train was moving.
火车开动时, 乘警不许我们将头伸出窗外看。
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幻灯片 36【归纳】___________ 禁止做
_____________ 禁止某人去做
forbid doing
forbid sb. to do
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幻灯片 37【想一想】forbid后应该用动名词作宾语，用不定式作宾语补足语，类似的动词，试列举。
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幻灯片 38【拓展延伸】
高中英语中用动名词作宾语，不定式作宾语补足语的动词还有：allow, permit, advise等。
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幻灯片 397. normal adj. 正常的；正规的；标准的；一般的
n. 正常；一般；正规；常态
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幻灯片 40【辨析】理解下列区别并选词填空
强调许多事物具有某种共同点而“不足为奇”。
指普遍存在于大多数人或事物中, 有“较少例外”的含义。
形容人或物“符合常态或常规”。
指与一般事物的性质、标准相同, 强调“平常”而无奇特之处。
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幻灯片 41①This opinion is common among the _______ population.
②A ______ heart beats around seventy-six times a minute.
③Colds are _______ in winter.
④He worked neither for fame nor for fortune and always fought at his ________ post.
general
normal
common
ordinary
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幻灯片 428. tend vi. 往往；趋向；vt. 照看
(1)tend to do sth. 易于，往往会做某事
tend to/towards 倾向于；趋于
tend (to) sb. 照料/护理某人
(2)tendency n. 倾向，趋势
have a tendency to do sth. 倾向于做某事
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幻灯片 43①It _____ __ ____ a lot here in summer.
这里夏天较为多雨。
②The English seasons and climate tend towards extremes.
英国的季节与气候是走极端的。
③You’d better tend to that thin girl.
你最好照看一下那个瘦弱的女孩。
④He has a tendency to forget things.
他有健忘的倾向。
tends to rain
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幻灯片 449. limit n. 限制；极限；界限
vt. 限制
limit. . . to. . . (把……)限制在……
limit sb. to (doing)sth. 限制某人(做)某事
set a limit to 限制，控制
within limits 在某种程度上；有一定限制
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幻灯片 45①Shanghai subway’s Line 10 has lifted the speed limit and returned to normal operation.
上海地铁10号线已取消限速，运行恢复常态。
②Our government has set a strict limit to drunk driving.
我国政府严格限制酒后驾驶。
③We must _____ the expenses __ what we can afford.
我们必须把开销限制在我们的经济能力范围内。
limit
to
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幻灯片 46【真题链接】
［2011湖北，26］Knowledge and learning are important if we want to be successful, but they may also ______ our thinking.
A. direct B. limit
C. change D. improve
【解析】选B。考查动词辨析。句意：如果我们想要成功，知识和学问是重要的，但是它们可能也限制了我们的思考。direct指导；limit限制；change改变；improve提高。
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幻灯片 4710. balance vt. &vi. (使)平衡；抵消
n. 平衡，天平
keep/lose one’s balance 保持/失去平衡
balance A against B 权衡A和B
out of balance 不平衡
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幻灯片 48①She balanced the attraction of a high salary against the prospect of working long hours.
她对高薪和长工时两者的利弊作了权衡。
②I found it hard to ____ __ _______ on the icy path.
我觉得在结满冰的小道上要保持身体平衡是相当困难的。
keep my balance
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幻灯片 49【助记】
keep one’s balance
lose one’s balance
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幻灯片 5011. can’t wait to do something 迫不及待地做某事
I can’t wait to see the film Inception, hoping to catch a dream with the leading character, Dom Cobb.
我迫不及待地想看电影《盗梦空间》，希望跟着主人公Dom Cobb一起去盗梦。
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幻灯片 51【拓展】翻译以下短语
can’t help doing sth. __________________________
can’t. . . enough/too __________________________
情不自禁地做某事
再……也不过分；越……越好
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幻灯片 52【想一想】请写出表示“迫不及待地做某事”的同义短语。
【拓展延伸】
表示“迫不及待地做某事”的同义短语还有：
be eager to do sth.
long to do/for sth.
be keen to do sth.
be anxious to do sth.
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幻灯片 5312. be supposed to (表示按照义务、规则、法律或约定等)应该……，应当……
①Am I supposed to clean all the rooms or just this one?
我是应该打扫所有的房间, 还是只是这一间?
②You’re supposed to pay the bill by Friday.
你应该在星期五前结清这笔账。
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幻灯片 54【拓展】 be supposed to还可表示“被认为，被看作”。
be supposed to have done=should have done表示“本应该做某事”，但实际上没做。
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幻灯片 55③He is supposed to be poor, but he is really quite wealthy. 大家都以为他穷, 实际上他很富裕。
④You were supposed to ____ ______ __ your homework yesterday. 你本应该昨天把作业交上。
have handed in
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幻灯片 56【真题链接】
［2011辽宁，22］What are you doing out of bed, Tom? You’re ______ to be asleep.
A. supposed B. known
C. thought D. considered
【解析】选A。考查动词短语。句意：汤姆，你起床干什么？你应该在睡觉。be supposed to do sth. 应该做某事；know知道；think认为；consider认为，考虑。
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幻灯片 5713. stay up 不睡觉，熬夜
①She stayed up reading until midnight.
她看书看到半夜才睡。
②I want to stay up tonight and watch the late movie on TV. 今晚我想熬夜看电视上播放的深夜电影。
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幻灯片 58【拓展】翻译以下短语
stay up late ____________________
stay in ____________________
stay on ____________________
熬夜到很晚，睡得很晚
待在家里，不外出
继续停留
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幻灯片 5914. mix up 混淆，弄乱；搅匀，拌和
①Please do not mix up two things: your job and your life. 请不要混淆这两件事情：你的工作和你的生活。
②Mind that you do not mix up these photos.
注意别把这些照片弄乱了。
③The children enjoy mixing up the fruit and nuts in the cake. 孩子们喜欢把水果、坚果拌进蛋糕里。
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幻灯片 60【拓展】翻译以下短语
mix. . . with. . . ______________________
mix. . . together ______________________
mix. . . into. . . ______________________
把……和……混合在一起
把……拌在一起
把……拌在……里面
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幻灯片 6115. as if(=as though) 好像，似乎
(1)as if在look, seem等系动词后引导表语从句，也可引导方式状语从句。
(2)as if从句的语气：
a. 当说话者认为句子所述的是真实的或极有可能发生或存在的事实时，as if 从句用陈述语气。
b. 当说话人认为句子所述的是不真实的或极少有可能发生或存在的情况时，as if 从句用虚拟语气。
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幻灯片 62(3)从句用虚拟语气时动词时态的形式有三种：
a. 表示与现在事实相反，谓语动词用一般过去时，be 动词一律用were；
b. 表示与过去事实相反，谓语动词用过去完成时；
c. 表示与将来事实相反，谓语动词用would/could/might+动词原形。
(4)如果as if 引导的从句是“主语+系动词+其他”结构，可省略主语和系动词，这样as if 后就只剩下名词、不定式、形容词(短语)、介词短语或分词。
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幻灯片 63①It sounds as if it is raining.
听起来像是在下雨。
②He opened his mouth as if he would say something. 他张开嘴好像要说什么。
③She looks as if she ____ ten years younger.
她看起来好像年轻十岁。
④She left the room hurriedly __ __ _____ .
她匆忙离开房间好像很生气的样子。
were
as if angry
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幻灯片 6416. The room is in a mess, with pizza boxes on the floor and dirty dishes in the sink.
屋子里一片狼藉：地板上堆放着许多比萨饼盒子，洗碗池里全是脏碗碟。
句子主干是The room is in a mess, with pizza boxes. . . in the sink是“with+宾语+宾补”结构。本句中，两个介词短语on the floor和in the sink充当宾语补足语。
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幻灯片 65(1)“with+宾语+宾语补足语”在语法上常被称为“with复合结构”，在句中表状态或说明背景情况。
(2)“with复合结构”常作伴随、方式、原因、时间、条件等状语，也可以作定语。
(3)作宾语的可以是名词或代词，作宾补的可以是形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式或分词。
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幻灯片 66①With machinery to do all the work, they will soon have got in the crops. 由于所有的工作都是由机器来完成，他们将很快收完庄稼。(原因状语)
②The boy always sleeps with his head on the arm.
这个男孩总是头枕着胳膊睡觉。(伴随状语)
③The soldier had him stand with his back to his father. 士兵要他背对着他父亲站着。(方式状语)
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幻灯片 67④ ____ ______ ______ __ , trees turn green.
春天到了，树变绿了。(时间状语)
⑤He used to walk along a river ____ _____ _______ with flowers and grass.
他过去常常沿着一条两岸长满花草的小河散步。(定语)
With spring coming on
with banks covered
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幻灯片 68【点津】“with复合结构”要特别注意宾语和宾语补足语之间的逻辑关系，根据主动(现在分词)、被动(过去分词)、表示将来(不定式)等区别来选择正确的补足语形式。
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幻灯片 69【真题链接】
［2010山东，29］The living room is clean and tidy, with a dining table already ______ for a meal to be cooked.
A. laid B. laying C. to lay D. being laid
【解析】选A。考查非谓语动词。句意：客厅干净、整洁，一张餐桌已经摆好，准备要吃一顿饭。分析句子结构可知，此句含with的复合结构，其中lay与a dining table为逻辑上的动宾关系，故要用过去分词。
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幻灯片 7017. Daniel has his arms crossed and looks upset.
丹尼尔双臂抱在胸前，看起来很不高兴。
本句中的has his arms crossed是have/has sth. done结构。
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幻灯片 71【辨析】
意为“让/叫/使/请别人做某事”或表示宾语的遭遇、经历。宾语sth. 后面用过去分词作宾语补足语，说明sth. 与过去分词所表示的动作之间为被动关系。
意为“让/叫/使某人做某事”。同义短语还有make/let sb. do sth. ，get sb. to do sth. 。
意为“叫/让/使某人做某事或让某种情况发生”，表示宾语与现在分词所表示的动作之间为主动关系，且动作正在进行。
意为“有……事要做”，have不是使役动词，而是“有”的意思，不定式to do充当sth. 的定语。
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幻灯片 72①Yesterday, Jack had his hair cut. However, when he returned home, he found he had had his document stolen. He was so worried because his boss would have him work on weekends if he lost it.
昨天，杰克(请人给他)理发了。但是，当他回到家时，他发现他的文件被偷了。他非常着急，因为如果他丢失了这份文件，他的老板会让他周末工作的。
②Don’t have the baby ______ ! So you’d better have your car _______ slowly.
不要让婴儿啼哭！所以你最好把车子开慢点。
crying
running
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幻灯片 73【真题链接】
［2011陕西，14］Claire had her luggage ______ an hour before her plane left.
A. check B. checking
C. to check D. checked
【解析】选D。考查非谓语动词。句意：飞机起飞前一个小时，克莱尔的行李接受了检查。此处是have sth. done的用法。由于名词luggage与动词check之间为被动关系，故选择过去分词作宾补。
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幻灯片 74(1)scene，sight，scenery, view的辨析
(2)tolerate与其他动词的辨析
(3)wish后接虚拟语气的用法
(4)turn out，make out，go out等短语的辨析
(5)“leave+宾语+宾语补足语”结构
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幻灯片 751. Seeing the happy ______ of the children playing in the park, I’m full of joy and confidence in the future of our country.
A. sight B. scene C. view D. scenery
【解析】选B。考查名词辨析。句意：看到孩子们在公园里玩耍的幸福场景，我对我们国家的未来感到高兴和充满信心。scene表示场景。
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幻灯片 76【知识拓展】
scene, sight, scenery, view四个词的区别如下表：
指具有一定特征的各种可见的景色，也常指事件或故事发生的地点，含有“场景、场面”之意。
Reporters were soon on the scene after the accident.
通常表示“风景；视力，视野”。
Come and see the sights of London.
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幻灯片 77风景，景色。指某地的整个自然风景，是风景的总称，通常作不可数名词。
This lake is fine scenery.
从某一角度或某一距离看到的景色，还有“观点、看法”之意。
From the top of the building, you can get a good view of the sea.
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幻灯片 782. Some old people don’t like pop songs because they can’t ______ so much noise.
A. concern B. tolerate C. undertake D. ignore
【解析】选B。考查动词辨析。句意：一些老人不喜欢流行歌曲，因为他们不能忍受如此多的噪音。tolerate忍受；concern与……有关，涉及；undertake承担；ignore忽略。
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幻灯片 793. I hadn’t intended to get much from the business I ran in the first year, while it ______ so well.
A. went out B. carried out
C. made out D. turned out
【解析】选D。考查短语辨析。句意：我本没打算从第一年经营的公司中获得多少，但结果非常不错。turn out结果……。go out熄灭；carry out执行；make out辨认，看清。
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幻灯片 804. 根据汉语补全句子
①我多么希望我在冲着妈妈大叫大嚷前闭上了嘴!
How I wish I _________________ before I shouted at my mum!
②我不能让一件这么重要的事半途而废。
I can’t leave such an important matter _________ .
③什么事使他离开了这么长时间？
What has left him ____ for so long?
had shut my mouth
unfinished
away
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幻灯片 81----
幻灯片 82基础指导(二)——并列句与复合句
Ⅰ. 并列句
定义：由and, or, but, while, yet, so, for等并列连词连起来的两个或两个以上互不依从的分句的句子叫并列句。
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幻灯片 83 并列连词分类：
1. 单纯连词：and, both. . . and. . . , not only. . . but also. . . , as well as等。
2. 转折连词：but, yet, still, while等。
3. 选择连词：or, not. . . but. . . , either. . . or. . . , neither. . . nor. . . 等。
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幻灯片 84 4. 推理连词：so, therefore, for等。
①He was ill, but he went to school.
他病了，但他还是去上学了。
②He lost his job, so he was unhappy these days.
他失业了，所以他这些天不高兴。
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幻灯片 85 提醒：
“祈使句+and/or(otherwise)+简单句”也是并列句的一种，or在此意为“否则”。
③Try it again, and you will succeed.
再试一次，你会成功的。
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幻灯片 86 Ⅱ. 复合句
定义：复合句是由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子。主句和从句都具有完整的主谓结构，主句是全句的主体，从句从属于主句，不能独立存在。
从句分类：根据从句在全句中的不同作用，从句可分为：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句、定语从句和状语从句。
1. 主语从句：在句子中充当句子主语的从句叫主语从句。
When we should start is still a question.
我们应该什么时候开始仍然是个问题。
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幻灯片 87 2. 宾语从句：在句子中作及物动词或介词的宾语。
They believe that the computer will finally take the place of human beings. 他们认为电脑最终会取代人类。
3. 表语从句：在句子中作系动词的表语的句子, 它位于主句中的系动词之后。
That is why he did not come to school yesterday.
那就是他为什么昨天没来学校的原因。
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幻灯片 88 4. 同位语从句：在复合句中充当同位语的名词性从句称为同位语从句。
I heard the news that our team had won.
我听到了我们队赢了的消息。
5. 定语从句：在复合句中作定语用来修饰句子中某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
This is the missing boy (that/who/whom) we have been looking for these days.
这是我们这些日子一直在寻找的失踪的男孩。
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幻灯片 89 6. 状语从句：在复合句中作状语, 其位置可以在主句前或主句后。
1)时间状语从句通常由when, as, while, after, before, as soon as, since, till (until), whenever 等引导。
When you finish the work, you may go out to play with Sam. 当你完成作业的时候，你可以和Sam出去玩。
2)地点状语从句通常由 where, wherever等引导。
I will never forget to catch the thief who stole my necklace wherever he may be. 不管他在哪里我都不会忘记要去抓那个偷我项链的贼。
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幻灯片 90 3)原因状语从句通常由because, since, as等引导。
4)目的状语从句通常由so that. . . , in order that. . . 等引导。
5)结果状语从句通常由 so that. . . , so. . . that. . . 等引导, 往往放在句尾。
6)比较状语从句通常由as, than, as (so). . . as等引导。
7)让步状语从句通常由though (although), as, even if(even though), however, whatever等引导。
8)条件状语从句通常由if, unless, as long as等引导。
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幻灯片 91Ⅰ. 判断下列句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句
1. Her parents died and left her a lot of money.
2. You were not in the office.
3. I took care of my brother while Mother was away.
4. This is the best film that I have ever seen.
答案：1. 简单句 2. 简单句 3. 复合句 4. 复合句
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幻灯片 925. Walk fast, or we’ll be late.
6. I haven’t heard from you for a long time.
7. He was very tired; therefore, he fell into a sound sleep.
8. It is said that Jim got married a week ago.
9. He must answer the question whether he agrees to it or not.
答案：5. 并列句 6. 简单句 7. 并列句 8. 复合句 9. 复合句
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幻灯片 93Ⅱ. 按要求转换句型
1. Does Mr. Brown enjoy living in China? Could you tell us? (变为复合句)
→Could you tell us _________ Mr. Brown ______ living in China?
2. “Does the girl need any help? ” he asked me. (变为复合句)
→He asked me _________ the girl ______ some help.
3. Jim is not a student. Tom is not a student, either. (合并为一个句子)
_______ Jim ___ Tom is a student.
if/whether
enjoys
if/whether
needed
Neither
nor
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幻灯片 944. When does the train leave? I want to know. (改为含宾语从句的复合句)
I want to know ____ the train ______ .
5. They went home after they had finished their homework. (用not. . . until改写)
They _____ go home _____ they had finished their homework.
6. You must be careful with your pronunciation. (改为祈使句)
Be careful with your pronunciation.
when
leaves
didn’t
until
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幻灯片 95Ⅲ. 用适当的并列连词填空
1. Work hard, __ you will fail.
2. Keep quiet, ___ you will not be found.
3. He worked hard, ___ he faild in the exam.
4. He was watching TV _____ his mother was cooking.
5. When you quarrel with others, __ fail in the exam, you may have a bad mood.
6. _______ does Li Meng sing well, _______ she dances well.
or
and
but
while
or
Not only
but also
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幻灯片 96----
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