幻灯片 1Unit 3 Looking good, feeling good
看上去好，感觉就好
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幻灯片 2话题之三 ——意见征询
三年5考
[2011全国卷Ⅱ]假定你是李华，你所喜爱的Global Mirror周报在创刊五周年之际征集读者意见。请你依据以下内容给主编写封信，内容主要包括：1．说明你是该报的忠实读者2．赞赏该报优点：1)兼顾国内外新闻2)介绍名人成功故事3．提出建议：刊登指导英语学习的文章。注意：词数100左右。
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幻灯片 3Dear Editor-in-Chief,
Congratulations on the 5th anniversary of Global Mirror!
I’m a loyal reader of your newspaper. There is no denying the fact that it has many advantages. For my part, I like it for the following two reasons. For one thing, it covers both national and international news so that I can know more about the world and broaden my horizon by simply turning the pages. For another, the success stories of world-famous people help me shape my sense of value and it is their success stories that make me decide to spare no effort to make the world a better place.
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幻灯片 4 As a student, I suggest that Global Mirror publish some articles about English learning and I hope that it will become even more popular.
Sincerely yours,
Li Hua
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幻灯片 51. 全文内容要点清晰、全面符合要求。首先说明自己是该报刊的忠实读者。接下来介绍该报优点。最后提出改进建议。
2. 全文行文流畅，句式多样，用词高级、得体。
①高级词汇和短语：loyal, broaden one’s horizon, shape one’s sense of value, spare no effort
②多样句型：There is no denying. . . , . . . so that. . . , It’s. . . that. . .
③语篇过渡语：For my part, For one thing, For another
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幻灯片 6【佳作习得】用强调句型强调画线词
What did you know about the matter?
What was it that you knew about the matter?
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幻灯片 7Ⅰ. 单词盘点
根据词性和汉语意思写出词汇
1. ______(n. ) 体形；数字；人物
2. ________(adj. ) 惭愧的，羞愧的
3. _______(vi. ) 复原，恢复健康
(vt. ) 重新获得, 恢复
4. _______(vt. ) 包含；容纳
figure
ashamed
recover
contain
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幻灯片 85. _______ (vt. &n. ) 损害，伤害
6. ________(n. ) 压力
7. _____(vt. &vi. ) 受苦；遭受(磨难)
8. _____(vt. ) 影响；(病毒)感染
9. _____(vi. ) 认为，算作；重要
(vt. ) 数数
10. _______(n. ) 数量
damage
pressure
suffer
affect
count
amount
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幻灯片 911. ____(vt. ) 增加；获得，赢得
12. ________(adj. )精力充沛的；充满活力的→ ______(n. )精力
13. ______(n. )衰退；故障；失败→ ____(v. )失败
14. _________(adj. )有吸引力的, 有魅力的→ ______(v. )吸引→ _________(n. )吸引
15. ___________(adj. )尴尬的；难为情的→ _________(vt. )使尴尬
16. ______(vt. )更喜欢→ __________(n. )偏好
gain
energetic
energy
failure
fail
attractive
attract
attraction
embarrassed
embarrass
prefer
preference
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幻灯片 1017. _____(n. )效果, 作用；影响→ ________(adj. )有效的
18. ___________(n. )成就→ _______(v. )取得
19. _______(n. )安慰；舒适→ __________ (adj. )舒适的
20. ________(adj. )平静的；和平的→ _____(n. )平静；和平
21. __________(vt. &vi. )集中(注意力、思想等)；全神贯注→ ____________(n. )专心，专注
effect
effective
achievement
achieve
comfort
comfortable
peaceful
peace
concentrate
concentration
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幻灯片 11【品词自测】根据所给词的适当形式填空
①He _____ to finish his share of the task on time, which made the plan a big ______ . (failure)
②He always ________ the red coat and his _________ influenced his children very much. (prefer)
failed
failure
preferred
preference
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幻灯片 12③What you did made the guest very ___________ and also ____________ me. (embarrassed)
④Mary was such an ________ girl that Jack felt an immediate _________ for her. (attractive)
⑤It is a very ________ method and has no bad ______ on our health. (effect)
embarrassed
embarrassed
attractive
attraction
effective
effects
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幻灯片 13Ⅱ. 短语回放
1. 锻炼 _______________
2. 节食 _______________
3. 副作用 _______________
4. (头发等)脱落 _______________
5. 强身健体 _______________
6. 充分利用 _______________
work out
go on a diet
side effect
fall out
get into shape
make the most of
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幻灯片 147. 从长远角度看 _________________
8. 事实上，其实 _________________
9. 收到……来信 _________________
10. 对……感到羞愧 _________________
11. 偶遇 _________________
12. 逐步建立；增进；逐渐积聚 _________________
13. 集中注意力在……上面 _________________
in the long term
as a matter of fact
hear from
be ashamed of
come across
build up
concentrate on
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幻灯片 1514. 吸收；收留；欺骗；理解 _____________
15. 减肥 _____________
16. 立刻；马上 _____________
17. 推迟 _____________
18. 而不是 _____________
take in
lose weight
in no time
put off
rather than
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幻灯片 16Ⅲ. 句式扫描
1. However, _________________ (不管我做什么), my efforts to lose weight always end in failure.
2. Water helps ____________________ (保持人体内部系统清洁).
3. Walking and riding your bike count, and ___________
______ (校内体育活动也算).
4. As a matter of fact, loss of sleep can _________________ (让你看起来疲倦), and even cause you to gain weight.
no matter what I do
keep your system clean
so do school
sports
make you look tired
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幻灯片 17【仿句自测】根据下面句式仿写句子
①no matter what无论什么
仿写：不管发生什么情况，我们必须坚持实施我们的计划。
No matter what happens, we must insist on carrying out our plan.
②keep的复合结构
仿写：再添些煤, 别让火灭了。
Add some more coal to keep the fire going.
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幻灯片 18③so的倒装句
仿写：我有大量的工作要做，我的妻子也是一样。
I’ve got an enormous amount of work to do and so has my wife.
④make的复合结构
仿写：我摁了几次门铃, 但没人应。
I rang the doorbell several times but couldn’t make anyone hear.
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幻灯片 19----
幻灯片 201. figure n. 身材，体形；人影；数字; 人物
v. 计算出；认为，认定
(1)keep/lose one’s figure 保持体形/变胖了
(2)figure on 计划、打算、预料到某事
figure out 弄懂，看透；计算出(金
额或成本)
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幻灯片 21①The young girl has an attractive figure.
这位年轻女孩有迷人的身材。
②Where did you get those figures?
你从哪里得到那些数字的？
③He is a historical figure known to everyone.
他是一个知名的历史人物。
④Though she is in her fifties, she keeps a nice figure.
尽管她五十多岁了，她的身材保持得很好。
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幻灯片 22⑤Have you ______ ___ how much the trip has cost? I hadn’t ______ __ costing so much money. To be honest, I can’t ______ ___ what the money has been spent on.
旅行花了多少费用你算出来没有？我没想到花了这么多钱。老实说，我弄不懂这些钱花在哪些东西上了。
figured out
figured on
figure
out
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幻灯片 232. recover vi. 复原，恢复健康
vt. 重新获得，恢复
recover sth. 恢复(健康等)；重新找回(遗失之
物)；挽回，弥补(损失、损害等)
recover sth. from sb. /sth. 重新获得或找回某物
recover from. . . 恢复健康；恢复常态
recover oneself 使自己恢复到正常状态
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幻灯片 24①I think it will take a long time for those in the quake-hit area to _______ ____ the loss of their loved ones.
我认为地震灾区的人们从失去亲人的痛苦中恢复过来可能要花很长时间。
②The survivor, little Yiyi, recovered her health thanks to many doctors’ care.
幸存者小伊伊在许多医生的照顾下恢复了健康。
recover from
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幻灯片 253. failure n. 衰退, 衰竭；失败；故障，失灵
(1)engine/crop failure 发动机故障/庄稼歉收
failure to do sth. 未做，未履行(应做之事)
(2) fail v. 失败；忘记、忽视或未能(做某
事)
fail to do 未能做或忘记做
fail(in) sth. 在某事中失败
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幻灯片 26①Crop failure often results in famine.
庄稼歉收常引起饥荒。
②His repeated failures to appear in court made the judge very angry. 他多次未出庭，让法官很生气。
③I passed my maths exam but failed (in) French.
我数学考试及格, 但法语不及格。
④She did not ___ __ keep her word. 她没有食言。
fail to
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幻灯片 27【点津】(1)failure用作不可数名词，前面不能有不定冠词。但是也可作可数名词，此时抽象名词已经具体化，意为“失败的人或物”。例如：He was a failure as a doctor. 他当过医生，却不称职。
(2)类似的词还有：success，pleasure，surprise等。
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幻灯片 284. contain vt. 包含，含有；容纳
①Whisky contains a large percentage of alcohol.
威士忌的酒精含量极高。
②The bowl contained a variety of fruit.
这个碗里盛着各种各样的水果。
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幻灯片 29【辨析】理解下列区别并选词填空
(1)通常用于表示所包含之物的全部或部分。
(2)含有某种成分。
(3)容纳(=hold)，装有。
(1)用于指整体包括多少个体或把……算入。
(2)including(介词)+n. /pron. 或n. /pron. + included作状语。
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幻灯片 30③The box _______ a number of letters, ________ those from her admirers and of course his letters _______ as well.
contains
including
included
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幻灯片 31【熟词生义】根据语境选择最佳汉语意思
I was so angry that I couldn’t contain myself.
A. 控制 B. 包含 C. 容纳
答案：A
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幻灯片 32【助记】
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幻灯片 335. damage vt. & n. 损害，伤害
①Typhoon Neast has caused serious damage to the Philippines. 台风纳沙对菲律宾造成了严重损害。
②Many buildings were badly damaged during the war.
很多建筑物在战争期间遭到了严重损害。
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幻灯片 34【辨析】理解下列区别并选词填空
多用于借喻中, 指价值、用途等毁坏。它还可作名词, 常用于下面的短语中：in ruins严重受损，破败不堪；fall into ruin毁灭, 破败不堪；bring sb. to ruin 使某人失败。
表示不一定全部毁坏, 且损坏部分能修复。damage作名词时, 常用于do/cause damage to对……造成损害。
指彻底毁坏以致很难修复, 其名词是destruction。
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幻灯片 35③Many buildings and cars had been ________ in the floods in Hainan.
④The bad weather had ______ all my pleasure for the holiday.
⑤The earthquake _________ the houses in the area.
damaged
ruined
destroyed
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幻灯片 366. pressure n. 压力；挤压
vt. 施加压力
(1) put pressure on sb. to do sth. 迫使某人做某事
under pressure 承受压力
under pressure from sb. to do sth. 在某人的压力下去做某事
(2)pressure sb. to do/into doing sth. 迫使某人做某事
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幻灯片 37①She is constantly _____ ________ and it is affecting her health. 她经常承受压力, 因而影响了健康。
②I don’t want to put pressure on you to make a decision, but we haven’t much time left. 我并不想催你做决定, 只是我们剩下的时间已经不多了。
③I was under pressure from my parents to become a teacher. 我在父母的压力下做了教师。
④He felt that he was being pressured to resign.
他感到有压力逼他辞职。
under pressure
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幻灯片 387. prefer vt. 更喜欢
①They preferred to stay at home rather than go to the movies. 他们宁可呆在家里, 也不愿去看电影。
②He was very diligent; even on holidays, he preferred doing something to doing nothing. 他很勤劳, 即使在假日里, 他也宁愿做点什么事, 而不愿闲着。
③He preferred speaking/to speak without referring to his notes. 他更喜欢不看演讲稿作报告。
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幻灯片 39【归纳】宁愿……也不愿……__________________________/ ____________________________
更喜欢……_________________
prefer to do. . . rather than do
prefer (doing) sth. to (doing) sth.
prefer (doing) sth.
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幻灯片 40【想一想】在高考书面表达中常会遇到“宁愿……也不愿……”的表达法，除了上面提到的，你还能想到哪些同义短语呢？
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幻灯片 41【拓展延伸】
表示“宁愿……也不愿……”的同义短语还有：
would do. . . rather than do. . .
would rather do. . . than do. . .
8. suffer vt. &vi. 受苦；遭受(磨难)
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幻灯片 42【辨析】理解下列区别并选词填空
指一般的损害、痛苦等，其后名词通常为： loss, pain, punishment, defeat, hardship等。
多指长期的或习惯性的痛苦或困难。其后接疾病名词(或者劳累，记忆力减退等)；自然灾害名词，如drought。
因某事而受苦。
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幻灯片 43①They are unlikely to ______ much loss of business after 2010.
②She’s been ____________ cancer for two years.
③He made a rash decision and now he’s ___________ it.
suffer
suffering from
suffering for
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幻灯片 449. effect n. 效果，作用; 影响
have an effect on 对……有影响
side effect 副作用
take effect 见效，开始起作用
come into effect 开始实施；生效
in effect 实际上；在实施中，有效
be of no effect 无效
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幻灯片 45①The nuclear leak has ___ _ _________ _____ _______ the environment. 核泄漏对环境产生了灾难性的影响。
②I tried taking tablets for the headache but they didn’t have any effect. 我吃了头疼药，可是没有效果。
③When do the new driving laws come into effect?
有关驾驶的新法律什么时候开始实施？
had a disastrous effect on/upon
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幻灯片 46【助记】The new traffic rule came into effect last month. Now, it is beginning to take effect. In effect, it has a big effect on people’s life in many ways besides people’s focus on road safety.
新的交通法规上个月开始实施了。现在它开始见成效了。事实上，除了人们对道路安全的关注，它还在方方面面影响着人们的生活。
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幻灯片 4710. count vi. 认为，算作；重要
vt. 数数
count for much /little 很有价值/没有意义
count sb. /sth. in 包括；计算在内
count on /upon sb. /sth. 指望；依赖
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幻灯片 48①Knowledge without common sense counts for little.
光有学问而无常识, 则这种学问没什么价值。
②If you’re all going to the party, you can count me in.
要是你们全都去参加聚会, 就可以把我也算上。
③Don’t _____ __ a salary increase this year.
别指望今年会加薪。
count on
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幻灯片 49【助记】You just promise but don’t act. So it doesn’t count. Just see Jack. People count him an honest businessman who has never cheated anyone since he was a child who could not even count. So his promise counts for much.
你只是承诺却不行动，所以你的承诺没有意义。看看杰克吧。人们认为他是一个诚实的商人。自从他是一个甚至不会数数的小孩起他就从来不欺骗任何人。所以他的诺言很有价值。
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幻灯片 5011. concentrate vt. &vi. 集中(注意力、思想等)；全神贯注
(1) concentrate on /upon sth. /doing sth.
专心致志于(做)某事
concentrate one’s attention/energy/efforts on. . .
致力于，专心于
(2) concentrated adj. 强烈的；专心的；浓缩的
concentration n. 集中注意力；专心；集中
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幻灯片 51①Having failed my French exams, I decided to concentrate on science subjects.
我因法语考试不及格而决心专攻理科。
②We must ___________ our efforts __ finding ways to reduce costs. 我们要集中精力找出降低成本的办法。
concentrate
on
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幻灯片 5212. amount n. 数量，量
vi. (与to连用)总计；等于，相当于
in. . . amount(s) 以……的量
a large amount of/large amounts of
大量
amount to 总计；等于，相当于
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幻灯片 53①Their traveling expenses amount to seven hundred dollars. 他们的旅费共达700美元。
②Food was provided in varying amounts.
食物的供应量变化不定。
③She spends _ ____ ______ __ money on clothes every year. 她每年花大量的钱买衣服。
a large amount of
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幻灯片 54【点津】在正式英语中，an amount of/ amounts of后只能接不可数名词，其谓语动词的数取决于amount的数。例如：
大笔的钱用在了这座桥上。
Large amounts of money were spent on the bridge.
=A large amount of money was spent on the bridge.
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幻灯片 55【想一想】表示“许多”的同义词(短语)，你能想到哪些呢？它们又有哪些不同？
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幻灯片 56【拓展延伸】
表示“许多”的词(短语)，根据性质可分为下面几大类：
(1)修饰可数名词复数形式的有many, a good/great many, quite a few, a large/great/small number of等，其后的谓语动词用复数形式。
(2)修饰不可数名词的有much, a great deal of, quite a little, an amount of等，其后的谓语动词用单数形式。
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幻灯片 57(3)既能修饰可数名词，又能修饰不可数名词的有a lot of, lots of, plenty of等，谓语动词根据主语是可数或不可数决定单复数形式。
(4)amount与quantity所构成的短语后加名词时，谓语动词的数取决于amount与quantity的数。
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幻灯片 5813. work out锻炼；计算；解决问题；制订出；理解；成功地发展
体会下面段落中work out的含义
I have just worked out a plan. I hope you can work out what I think. If you can follow it, it is sure to work out well. Besides, it will do much good to you. For example, by working out every day, you will build up your body. By spending some minutes reading every night, you can work out almost all the maths problems.
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幻灯片 59我刚制订了一个计划。我希望你能理解我的想法。如果你能贯彻下去，这个计划肯定会成功。而且，它对你很有好处。例如，通过每天锻炼，你可以强身健体。每晚花费一点时间读书，你能解决几乎所有的数学题。
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幻灯片 60【拓展】翻译以下短语
work on ______________________
work at ______________________
work as _____________________
努力说服，努力改善
从事，致力于……
充当，作为……而工作
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幻灯片 6114. fall out(头发等)脱落；吵翻
It turned out that all his hair almost fell out after taking the medicine. 服药过后，他的头发几乎都掉光了。
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幻灯片 62【拓展】补全以下短语
fall ___ 从……落下
fall ____ 被……绊倒
fall _____ 倒塌
fall ____ 后退，退却
fall ______ 落后，跟不上
fall ____ 可以分为……；能够分成……；养成，
染上
fall ________ 破碎
off
over
down
back
behind
into
to pieces
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幻灯片 63【助记】A banana skin fell off the table. The little girl didn’t see it. She stepped on it and fell over. What’s worse, her bowl fell to pieces. Quickly, her mother ran in and picked her up. If she falls into the habit of depending on parents in everything, the girl will fall behind others in time. 香蕉皮从桌子上掉下来了。小女孩没有看见。她踩在上面滑倒了。更糟的是，她的碗摔得粉碎。她妈妈立刻跑进来扶起她。如果小女孩养成事事依赖父母的习惯，她迟早会落后于其他孩子的。
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幻灯片 6415. in the long term从长远角度看；最终
You may make good grades by studying only before examinations, but you will succeed in the long term by studying hard every day.
你考试前才看书也许会取得好成绩，不过你若每天努力学习最终定会成功。
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幻灯片 65【拓展】翻译以下短语
in the short term __________________
in terms of __________________
keep on good terms with sb. __________________
come to terms with sb. __________________
be on good/bad terms with __________________
从短期看
就……而言；谈及
与某人保持友好关系
与某人达成协议
与……关系好/坏
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幻灯片 6616. take in吸收；收留；欺骗；理解
写出下面一段文字中take in的意思
Little Tom, who has no parents and is taken in by a kind lady, often sleeps in class because he can’t take in what the teacher says. But the lady is taken in by his lies that he is the best student in his class. In fact, Tom feels ashamed. Now, he decides to have a change. He takes in much knowledge from newspapers and he is now really the best one.
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幻灯片 67小汤姆没有父母，被一位好心的女士收留了。他常常在课堂上睡觉因为他不能理解老师所讲的。但是，那位女士被他的谎言欺骗了，汤姆说他是班里最好的学生。事实上，汤姆感到非常羞愧。现在他决定改变一下。从报纸中他吸取了很多知识。现在他真是最好的学生了。
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幻灯片 68【拓展】补全以下短语
take ___ 飞机起飞；事业腾飞；脱衣服
take _____ 拿走
take ____ 收回
take __ 呈现，雇用；从事，承担
take _____ (长得)像
take ____ 接管
take __ 开始从事；占据，占用
off
away
back
on
after
over
up
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幻灯片 6917. Water helps keep your system clean.
水有助于保持人体内部系统清洁。
keep+宾语+宾语补足语，意为“使……保持某种状态”。
“keep+宾语+宾语补足语”结构中，宾补可以是介词短语、名词、形容词、分词等，但高考主要考查分词，其用法如下：
(1)keep+宾语+过去分词，过去分词和宾语构成被动关系。
(2)keep+宾语+现在分词，现在分词和宾语构成主动关系。
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幻灯片 70①The other students in the class keep their eyes closed. 班上其他学生仍然闭着眼睛。
②Don’t keep your mother waiting. 别让你母亲等着。
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幻灯片 71【真题链接】
①［2011重庆，33］Michael put up a picture of Yao Ming beside the bed to keep himself ______ of his own dreams.
A. reminding B. to remind
C. reminded D. remind
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幻灯片 72【解析】选C。考查“keep+宾语+宾补”结构。句意：迈克尔在床边挂了一张姚明的照片以便时刻使自己记得自己的梦想。keep+宾语+宾补(使……处于某种状态)，后面的宾补可以是形容词、副词、介词短语、现在分词或过去分词，过去分词和宾语之间是逻辑上的动宾关系也就是被动关系，现在分词和宾语之间是逻辑上的主动关系；remind sb. of sth. 使某人想起某事或提醒某人某事，由该结构可以看出，himself与remind之间为被动关系，故选C。
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幻灯片 73②［2009全国卷Ⅱ, 16］They use computers to keep the traffic ______ smoothly.
A. being run B. run
C. to run D. running
【解析】选D。考查“keep+宾语+宾补”结构。句意：他们用电脑来保持交通运行畅通。这里running和the traffic构成主动关系。
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幻灯片 7418. Walking and riding your bike count, and so do school sports.
步行和骑自行车就算，校内体育活动也算。
本句中的so do school sports是so的倒装句。
(1)“so +be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语”结构用于肯定句中，表示“某人或某物情况也是如此”。so意为“也”。
(2)“neither/ nor +be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语”用于否定句中，表示“某人或某物情况也不这样”。
(3)“so+主语+be动词/助动词/情态动词”表示赞同，表示“某人/某物确实如此”。so意为“really”。
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幻灯片 75①—I’ve lost the address. 我把地址丢了。
—So have I. 我也丢了。
②—I have never been to Nanjing.
我从未去过南京。
—Neither has Tom.
汤姆也没去过。
③—You seem to like tea.
你似乎喜欢喝茶。
—So I do.
是的，我确实喜欢。
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幻灯片 76④—Will you please go shopping with me this afternoon? 今天下午你愿意跟我去买东西吗？
—I’m not quite myself. But if you go, __ ___ _ .
我有点不舒服。但是如果你去，我也去。
so will I
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幻灯片 77【点津】助动词、情态动词和be动词的选择一般根据前面句子而定。若前面句子结构中既出现了be动词又出现了行为动词，或者既有肯定形式也有否定形式，通常用So it is with. . . 或It’s the same with. . . 。
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幻灯片 78⑤—Mary likes playing the piano, but she can’t play it well. 玛丽喜欢弹钢琴，但是她弹不好。
—__ __ __ ____ her brother.
她的哥哥也是如此。
So it is with
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幻灯片 79(1)worth和worthy的区别
(2)“no matter+疑问词”和“疑问词+ever”的区别
(3)“get+过去分词”的用法
(4)rather than与其他短语的辨析
(5)gain与其他动词的辨析
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幻灯片 801. ______ you have picked up, you must give it back to ______ it belongs to.
A. Whatever; whoever
B. What; no matter who
C. No matter what; no matter who
D. Whatever; no matter who
【解析】选A。考查连词。句意：无论你捡到什么，你必须归还给它的主人。whatever可以引导状语从句，相当于no matter what；第二空的whoever引导宾语从句，并且作to的宾语，相当于anyone who。
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幻灯片 812. If I don’t ______ for that job, I will go on my holiday in France.
A. get pay B. get paid
C. get to pay D. get paying
【解析】选B。考查被动语态。句意：如果做这份工作我得不到薪水，我将会去法国度假。get done意为“被……”，符合题意。
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幻灯片 823. In many countries in the world, breakfast is a snack ______ a meal, but the traditional English breakfast is a full meal.
A. rather than B. more than
C. other than D. less than
【解析】选A。考查短语。句意：在世界上很多国家，早餐是一种快餐，而非正式膳食。但传统的英国早餐却是正式膳食。rather than“而不是”，符合题意。more than不仅仅；other than除了；less than少于。
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幻灯片 834. As new graduates, it is far more important to find a job you can ______ experience from than ______ you can get large salaries from.
A. gain; one B. win; that
C. acquire; the one D. get; which
【解析】选A。考查动词和代词辨析。gain获得；one相当于a job，泛指一份工作。通过题意知，只有A项符合。
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幻灯片 845. 用所给动词的适当形式填空
I don’t think the book is worth _______ (read), but he insisted that it was worthy of _________ (read).
reading
being read
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幻灯片 85----
幻灯片 86巧用复现及文化常识破解完形
一、利用复现关系解题
复现是语篇行文必须使用的一种词汇衔接手段，它通过原词、同(近)义词、反义词、同源词、概括词等形式重复某一信息。复现包括原词复现、同(近)义复现、反义复现和解释型复现等。从历年高考完形填空试题来看，在各种复现关系中，主要以原词复现为主，而原词复现又以动词、名词、形容词为主。
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幻灯片 87【真题连连看1】
［2011江苏］At first he felt angry and disappointed thinking about how hungry he had become from his 50 , and how he really wanted that apple. The more he 51 like this, the more unhappy he became.
50. A. wishes B. beliefs C. efforts D. goals
51. A. thought B. imagined C. tried D. claimed
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幻灯片 88【步步精析】
50. 选C。考查名词。男孩一直在努力尝试摘树上的苹果。
51. 选A。考查动词。此题属于原词复现。根据前一句的thinking about及本句的like this，可知此空选A。
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幻灯片 89二、利用文化背景和生活常识解题
完形填空题选文是独立的语篇，材料都选自原汁原味的英美文章，因此此类文章会反映英语国家的历史文化、风土人情、民俗、节日、生活习惯等方面的信息。同时，完形填空也会涉及人物的社会关系、职位、安全、学习及生活方面的常识。高中生已掌握了一定的文化背景知识和生活常识，具备一定的价值判断能力。考生做题时，若能积极地调用自己的文化背景知识和生活常识，注意中西方文化方面存在的差异，将会大大简化复杂的分析与判断过程，节省宝贵的时间，顺理成章地选出正确的答案。因此，这就要求考生平时注意知识的积累，并加强不同学科间的知识融合，有意识地了解一些英语国家的文化背景知识，这对英语学习和应试将大有帮助。
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幻灯片 90【真题连连看2】
［2010重庆］Please allow me to tell you something before you read this book. When my 36 , Sam，was born, my heart was filled with joy.
36. A. son B. nephew C. brother D. grandson
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幻灯片 91【步步精析】
36. 选D。考查名词。根据原文第52空后的as I myself, his grandfather可知我是他的爷爷(grandfather)，他当然是我的grandson(孙子)了，这是生活常识。
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幻灯片 92定语从句
定语从句是语法学习中的重点和难点，也是高考必考内容。对定语从句的考查主要集中在关系代词和关系副词的选择，介词+关系代词的判断。复习定语从句时应注意以下几点：1. 了解关系代词、关系副词及介词+关系代词；2. 学会分析定语从句中的句子结构。3. 掌握特殊定语从句的用法。
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幻灯片 931. ［2011全国卷Ⅰ，31］The prize will go to the writer ______ story shows the most imagination.
A．that B．which C．whose D．what
【解析】选C。考查定语从句。句意：奖品将发给作品最能展示其想像力的作者。whose引导定语从句，且在从句中作定语，修饰story; whose story相当于the story of whom。
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幻灯片 942. ［2011山东，32］The old town has narrow streets and small houses ______ are built close to each other.
A. they B. where C. what D. that
【解析】选D。考查定语从句。句意：这座古镇有狭窄的街道和紧密地比邻而建的小房子。that在句中用于引导定语从句，修饰small houses, 在定语从句中that作主语，此处的that也可换成which。where在定语从句中充当状语，而what用来引导名词性从句。而they不能用作定语从句的连接词。
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幻灯片 953. ［2011江西，34］She showed the visitors around the museum, the construction ______ had taken more than three years.
A．for which B．with which
C．of which D．to which
【解析】选C。考查定语从句。句意：她带领参观者参观了那个建造工程花费了超过三年时间的博物馆。引导非限制性定语从句的关系词与先行词构成修饰关系，即the construction of the museum“博物馆的建造”。故选C项。
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幻灯片 964. ［2011浙江，10］A bank is the place ______ they lend you an umbrella in fair weather and ask for it back when it begins to rain.
A. when B. that C. where D. there
【解析】选C。考查定语从句。句意：银行是一个好天气借给你雨伞而雨天又要回雨伞的地方。空格处在语句中作地点状语，所以选择关系副词where；A项表示时间，B项为关系代词，D项不能作关系词。
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幻灯片 975. ［2011天津，10］The days are gone ______ physical strength was all you needed to make a living.
A. when B. that C. where D. which
【解析】选A。考查定语从句。句意：体力是你赖以生存的惟一手段的日子一去不复返了。句中days是定语从句的先行词，关系词代替days并在从句中充当时间状语，故用when引导定语从句。
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幻灯片 986. ［2011全国卷Ⅱ，7］Ted came for the weekend wearing only some shorts and a T-shirt, ______ is a stupid thing to do in such weather.
A. this B. that C. what D. which
【解析】选D。考查定语从句。句意：Ted只穿着短裤和T恤来度周末，在这样的天气里这样做是一件很愚蠢的事情。根据句子结构以及选项可知是考查非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语。此处关系代词which代指前面的整个句子。this不是关系代词，that不能用于非限制性定语从句，what不属于关系代词。故答案为D。
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幻灯片 997. ［2011安徽，28］Whatever is left over may be put into the refrigerator, ______ it will keep for two or three weeks.
A. when B. which C. where D. while
【解析】选C。考查定语从句。句意：剩下的任何东西都可以放入冰箱，在那里可以保存两三周。由句型结构可以看出，该题中的先行词是refrigerator表示地点，故选择关系副词where。when在从句中作时间状语；which在从句中作主语或宾语；while是连词，不能引导定语从句。
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幻灯片 1008. ［2011福建，24］She has a gift for creating an atmosphere for her students ______ allows them to communicate freely with each other.
A. which B. where C. what D. who
【解析】选A。考查定语从句。句意：她有一种天赋可以为学生们创造一种允许他们自由地彼此交流的氛围。所填之处应为定语从句的关系词，因先行词是an atmosphere且在从句中作主语，故选A。
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幻灯片 1019. ［2011北京，26］Mary was much kinder to Jack than she was to the others, ______ , of course, made all the others upset.
A. who B. which C. what D. that
【解析】选B。考查定语从句。句意：玛丽对待杰克比对其他人好得多，这当然令其他人不快。分析句子结构可知逗号后是一个非限制性定语从句，关系代词代指逗号前的整个句子，故用which，正确答案为B项。
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幻灯片 10210. ［2011江苏，24］Between the two parts of the concert is an interval, ______ the audience can buy ice-cream.
A. when B. where C. that D. which
【解析】选A。考查定语从句。句意：音乐会的两部分之间会有中场休息时间，这时观众可以购买冰激凌。an interval是先行词，并在定语从句中作时间状语，故选择关系副词when。
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幻灯片 10311. ［2011陕西，11］I walked up to the top of the hill with my friends, ______ we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake.
A. which B. where C. who D. that
【解析】选B。考查定语从句。句意：我和我的朋友一直走到了山顶，在那里我们欣赏到了美妙的湖光景色。把定语从句补全为：We enjoyed a splendid view of the lake at the top of the hill. 由此可知，定语从句中缺少的成分为地点状语，故选where。
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幻灯片 10412. ［2011四川，17］The school shop, ______ customers are mainly students, is closed for the holidays.
A. which B. whose C. when D. where
【解析】选B。考查定语从句。句意：这个学校商店顾客多是学生，所以假期关门停业了。whose引导的非限制性定语从句，补充说明商店的情况，在从句中whose作定语修饰名词customers。故选B。
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幻灯片 10513. ［2011湖南，25］Julie was good at German, French and Russian, all of ______ she spoke fluently.
A. who B. whom C. which D. that
【解析】选C。考查定语从句。句意：朱莉擅长德语，法语以及俄语，这些语言她都说得很流利。先行词是German, French and Russian，所以定语从句的关系代词用which。注：关系代词that一般不可直接置于介词后作宾语。且不能引导非限制性定语从句。
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幻灯片 10614. ［2010湖南，28］I’ve become good friends with several of the students in my school ______ I met in the English speech contest last year.
A. who B. where C. when D. which
【解析】选A。考查定语从句。句意：我已经和去年在英语演讲比赛中遇到的我校几个学生成了好朋友。先行词是several of the students(指人)，且定语从句中缺少的是宾语，故选A。
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幻灯片 10715. ［2009全国卷Ⅰ, 28］She brought with her three friends, none of ______ I had ever met before.
A. them B. who C. whom D. these
【解析】选C。考查定语从句。句意：她带来了三个朋友，这三个朋友我以前一个也没见过。先行词为friends, 所以介词后的关系代词应该用whom。them和these均不能引导定语从句，排除选项A和D。介词后的关系代词也不能用who, 排除B项。
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幻灯片 108表1 关系代词和关系副词的判定
who
人
主语、宾语、表语
The boy who is standing there is my cousin.
whom
人
宾语
The boy (whom) you met yesterday is Tom.
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幻灯片 109whose
(=of
whom
/of
which)
人
或
物
定语
①Do you know the boy whose mother (=the mother of whom)is a teacher?
②He lives in a house whose windows (the windows of which) face south.
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幻灯片 110which
物
主语、宾语
①Children like to read books which have wonderful pictures.
②The pen (which) I bought last year was missing.
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幻灯片 111that
人
或
物
主语、宾语、表语
①A plane is a machine that can fly.
②I don’t know the man (that) you talked about.
③China is no longer the country that it used to be.
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幻灯片 112as
人或物(在非限制性定语从句中也可指代整个句子)
主语、宾语、表语
①As is known to all, Edison invented the electric lamp.
such a book as
the same book as
you read.
③He is not the same man as he was.
④He can lift so heavy a stone as no one else can.
②I want to read
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幻灯片 113when
时间
时间状语
I’ll never forget the day when I joined the Party.
where
地点
地点状语
The factory where I worked is gone now.
why
原因
原因状语
We didn’t know the reason why he was late for school.
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幻灯片 1141. 当关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾语时，可省略。
2. 表示时间、地点、原因的先行词作定语从句谓语动词的主语、宾语时，应用that或which, 作宾语时that/which也可省略。
当先行词是case, condition, situation, position, point, stage等名词时，后面定语从句的关系词的使用有两种情况：第一，当定语从句中缺少主语或宾语时用which或that来引导该定语从句。第二，当定语从句中不缺少主语或宾语时通常用where引导。
(which/that)he was late for
school.
(which/that)he gave me.
②The case that/which she explained was common.
③We’ll see a case where the music could cure people.
①I don’t believe the reason
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幻灯片 1153. 当先行词way意为“方式、方法”时，引导定语从句的关系词有两种情况：第一, 当定语从句中缺少主语或宾语时用关系代词which或that。第二, 当定语从句中不缺少主语或宾语时，可用in which或that或不用任何关系词三种形式。
①The way (that/which)he recommended to us was quite simple. (关系代词that/which在从句中作宾语)
②The way (that/in which)he explained the sentence to us was not difficult to understand. (关系词在从句中作状语，相当于in this/that way)
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幻灯片 1164. 先行词是time时，若time作“次数”讲，且引导词在从句中作状语时，则应用关系代词that引导定语从句，that可以省略；若time作“一段时间，时代”讲，且引导词在从句中作状语时，则应用关系副词when或介词at/during+which引导定语从句。
①This is the second time that the President has visited the country.
②This was at a time when/during which there were no radios, no telephones or no TV sets.
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幻灯片 1175. “whose+名词”结构常可以用“the+名词+of which/whom”或“of which/whom+the+名词”结构来替换，且意思相同。
6. 如何选择关系代词与关系副词
用关系代词还是关系副词完全取决于从句中所缺的成分。若从句中缺少主语或宾语，就必须用关系代词；若从句中主谓宾齐全即不缺主语也不缺宾语就要求用关系副词。
The house whose roof was damaged has now been repaired.
=The house the roof of which was damaged has now been repaired.
=The house, of which the roof was damaged, has now been repaired.
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幻灯片 118表2 易混关系代词的用法辨析
只用that不用which的情况
先行词是all, much, little, something, everything, anything, nothing, none等不定代词时
①All that glitters is not gold.
②He told me everything that he knew.
先行词被only, any, few, no, very, little等修饰时
①It is the very novel that I have ever read.
②Australia is the only country that is also a continent.
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幻灯片 119只用that不用which的情况
先行词是形容词最高级或序数词或被形容词最高级、序数词修饰时
This is the most interesting film that I’ve ever seen.
先行词为人、物并用时
Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about?
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幻灯片 120只用that不用which的情况
当主句的主语是疑问词who或which时
Which is the bike that you lost?
当先行词在主句中作表语，而关系代词也在从句中作表语时
Shandong is no longer the province that it used to be.
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幻灯片 121只用which不用that的情况
关系代词前有介词时
Is this the house in which Shakespeare was born?
引导非限制性定语从句时
Tom came back, which made us happy.
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幻灯片 122只用which不用that的情况
先行词为that/those时
What’s that which was put in the car?
which可用作定语
He may be late, in which case we ought to wait for him.
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幻灯片 123the same. . . as与the same. . . thatthe
same. . . as. . . 表示相似的东西
the same. . . that. . . 表示同一人或物
①This is the same book as he lent me last week.
这是他上星期借给我的那类书。
②This is the same book that he lent me last week.
这是他上星期借给我的那本书。
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幻灯片 124such/so. . . as与such/so. . . that
such/so. . . as(定语从句)像……那样
such/so. . . that(状语从句)如此……以至于
①This is such an easy question as I can answer.
②This is such an easy question that I can answer it.
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幻灯片 125as与which
as引导的非限制性定语从句既可以放在主句前，也可以放在主句后，有时还可插入主句中。which引导的非限制性定语从句通常放在主句之后。
as意为“正如……”，后面的谓语动词多是see, know, expect, say, mention, report等；which意为“这一点”。
①Avatar is a very successful film, as is known to all.
②As we all know, Taiwan belongs to China.
③The sports meeting was put off, which astonished us.
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幻灯片 126表3 介词+关系代词
名(代)词+介词+关系代词(which/whom)
The river, the banks of which are covered with trees flows to the sea.
数词或形容词最高级+of+关系代词(which/whom)
①He has ten cousins, three of whom are clever.
②He has ten cousins, the youngest of whom is very handsome.
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幻灯片 127介词(短语)+关系代词(which/whom)
①We are looking for the person to whom the book belongs.
②He lived in a big house, in front of which stood a tall tree.
介词+which/whose+名词
①He is the man from whose house the pictures were stolen.
②She suffered from illness, in which case her husband had to stay at home.
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幻灯片 1281. from where为“介词+关系副词”结构，但也可以引导定语从句。
2. 介词+which有时可与相应的关系副词互换。
3. “介词+关系代词”结构中介词的确定遵循以下原则：
(1)根据从句中的谓语动词与先行词的习惯搭配。
(2)根据介词与先行词的习惯搭配。
①He stood near the window, from where he could see the whole garden.
②This is the school in which (where) he studied two years ago.
③The reason for which (why) he was late was that he got up late.
④In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person to whom she could turn for help.
⑤This is the girl from whom I learned the news.
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幻灯片 129表4 特殊定语从句
分割式定语从句(先行词与关系代(副)词分隔)
I was the only person in my office that was invited to the important ball.
插入式定语从句(关系代词与从句中插入一个句子)
He made another great discovery, which I think is very important to science.
省略式定语从句(介词+关系代词+不定式)
The beggar has no money with which to buy food.
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幻灯片 130①The Great Wall is one of the world-famous buildings that draw lots of visitors.
②The Great Wall is the only one of the buildings on the earth that is seen from the moon.
1. 当引导定语从句的关系代词在从句中作主语时，那么定语从句中的谓语动词在人称、数的方面，应该与先行词保持一致。
(1)one of +复数名词+关系代词+动词复数形式
(2)the only/very one of+复数名词+关系代词+动词单数形式
(3)当关系代词as与which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰主句内容并作主语时，从句的谓语动词用单数形式。
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幻灯片 131①Great changes have taken place in China, as is known to all.
②That is our school, in front of which lies a large wheat field.
2. 定语从句中的倒装现象
在定语从句中有时会出现完全倒装语序。这种语序常见于以where或“介词+which”所引导的定语从句中。
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幻灯片 1321．［2012潍坊模拟］The new computer, ______ he loves a lot, breaks down frequently．
A．which B．what C．that D．one
【解析】选A。考查定语从句。句意：他非常喜爱的新电脑频繁出故障。which 用来指代the new computer并在从句中作宾语。
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幻灯片 1332. ［2012厦门模拟］Absorbed in his work, he has very little time ______ he can spend accompanying his family.
A. when B. in which
C. at which D. that
【解析】选D。考查定语从句。句意：他一心扑在工作上很少有时间陪伴家人。that指代very little time并在定语从句中作spend的宾语。
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幻灯片 1343. ［2012宝鸡模拟］The reason ______ he was late was ______ he had to send his grandma to hospital．
A．that; why B．why; because
C．why; that D．that; because
【解析】选C。考查定语从句和名词性从句。句意：他迟到的原因是送奶奶去医院。The reason 为先行词，定语从句中缺少状语，故用why。The reason why. . . is/was that. . . 为固定句式，意为：……的理由是……。
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幻灯片 1354. ［2012无锡模拟］It is said that many kids are worried about the year 2012, ______ , they think the earth will be destroyed by disasters.
A. where B. as
C. when D. which
【解析】选C。考查定语从句。句意：据说许多孩子担心2012年，他们认为那时灾难会毁掉地球。when引导非限制性定语从句，并在从句中作时间状语。
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幻灯片 1365. ［2012南充模拟］Not far from the club, there was a garden, ______ owner sat in it playing bridge with his children every afternoon．
A．whose B．its C．which D．that
【解析】选A。考查定语从句。句意：离俱乐部不远处，有一个花园，每天下午花园的主人坐在那儿和孩子们玩桥牌。whose引导的非限制性定语从句，补充说明花园的情况，whose在定语从句中作定语修饰名词owner。
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幻灯片 1376. ［2012会宁模拟］Mount Wuyi is such an attractive place of interest ______ everyone likes to visit.
A. that B. as C. which D. what
【解析】选B。考查定语从句。句意：武夷山是一个大家都喜欢参观的吸引人的名胜。such. . . as像……那样，引导定语从句，as在从句中作宾语，such. . . that. . . 如此……以至于，引导结果状语从句。that不在状语从句中作句子成分，故选B。
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幻灯片 1387. ［2012杭州模拟］Jack took part in the speech contest and, ______ is more surprising, won the first place.
A. that B. what C. which D. it
【解析】选C。考查定语从句。句意：杰克参加了演讲比赛，更令人吃惊的是，获得了第一名。四个选项中只有which可以引导非限制性定语从句。
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幻灯片 1398. ［2012兰州模拟］The boss ______ department Ms Li worked ten years ago looks down upon women．
A．in which B．in that
C．in whose D． whose
【解析】选C。考查定语从句。句意：十年前李小姐工作的部门老板看不起女性。whose在定语从句中作定语，修饰department, 其先行词为the boss。
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幻灯片 1409. ［2012福州模拟］Thompson had two strategies, disappointingly, ______ seems to have worked very well.
A. both of which B. neither of which
C. none of which D. all of which
【解析】选B。考查定语从句。句意：汤普森有两种策略，令人失望的是，好像没有一种策略奏效。由two strategies排除选项C和D，根据副词disappointingly和从句中谓语动词的形式可排除A，故选B。
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幻灯片 14110. ［2012临川模拟］I prefer a school ______ teachers have to work as a team, instead of fighting against each other.
A. where B. that C. as D. when
【解析】选A。考查定语从句。句意：我喜欢这样的学校: 在那儿老师们必须作为一个团队工作而不是彼此拆台。先行词为a school, 而定语从句中缺少地点状语，故用where。
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幻灯片 14211. ［2012吉林模拟］—What does the notice say?
—All the storytellers should meet at the same hall ______ won the first three prizes.
A. what B. as C. who D. which
【解析】选C。考查定语从句。答句句意：凡是获得前三名的故事演讲人到同一个大厅集合。本句是分割式定语从句，从句“ ______ won the first three prizes”缺少主语，先行词：All the storytellers”指人，所以用关系代词who或that, 且不能省略。
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幻灯片 14312. ［2012北京模拟］The newspaper is owned by a foreign company, ______ boss is Sir James Bex.
A. when B. where C. which D. whose
【解析】选D。考查定语从句。句意：这家报纸由一家外国公司所拥有，它的老板是James Bex先生。whose 在句中引导定语从句，修饰先行词a foreign company并在从句中作boss的定语。
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幻灯片 14413. ［2012温州模拟］The British are not so familiar with different cultures and other ways of doing things, ______ is often the case in other countries.
A. what B. as C. so D. that
【解析】选B。考查定语从句。句意：英国人对不同的文化和做事情的其他方式不太熟悉，别的国家也是这样。as在这里引导非限制性定语从句，as代指前面整个句子的内容，而且as在从句中作主语。
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幻灯片 14514. ［2012温州模拟］The settlement is home to nearly 1, 000 people, many of ______ left their village homes for a better life in the city.
A. whom B. which C. them D. those
【解析】选A。考查定语从句。句意：这个定居点住有近1 000人，他们中的许多人离开农村去城市追求更好的生活。whom 引导定语从句，并在从句中作介词of的宾语，其先行词为people。
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幻灯片 14615. ［2012郑州模拟］When people talk about the famous scenic spot in Anhui, the first ______ comes into mind is the Yellow Mountain.
A. which B. that C. one D. place
【解析】选B。考查定语从句。逗号前是由when引导的时间状语从句，逗号后面的主句部分含有定语从句，“______ comes into mind”修饰先行词the first。当先行词是序数词时关系词用that不用which。
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