2013高考英语（书面表达）限时训练（12）走出书面表达误区
随着网络的发展，目前很多人给好友发电子贺卡。请根据以下提示阐述电子贺卡的优越性。
1.除图像外，还可以传递动画和声音，生动，有趣；传递速度快；
2.形式多样，还可以 Flash 或其他软体自己设计贺卡；
3.省纸张，有利于保护树木和环境。
注意：1、文章包括以上要点，可适当发挥。不要逐条翻译。2、词数：100左右。
3、参考词汇：电子贺卡— electronic card动画—animation。
With the development of the Internet, more and more people tend to send electronic cards instead of paper ones at New Year’s time. Compared with the traditional cards, electronic cards are more interesting and lively. You can get not only pictures but also sound and even animations. Besides, it’s faster to send an electric card. There are many web sites on line where different varieties of cards are available. If none of these cards are of any interest to you, you can design cards of your own using Flash or other software. More importantly, with the popularity of electronic cards, less paper is used for making paper cards. Electronic cards are environmentally friendly, so why not use them?
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书面表达一贯是学生棘手的难题,综合性很强,测试学生对知识的全面理解。学生之所以走入误区原因有二:其一,对英语知识一知半解,只知其一,不知其二;其二,对英美文化背景的不了解、思维定势及中英文差异。现笔者就学生最难走出的误区加以指点。
误区一:只知道单词的意思,却不知它的用法。
如:她在她妈妈旁边坐下。
误:She seated beside her mother.
正:She seated herself beside her mother.
正:She sat down beside her mother.
说明:"seat"作动词时,意为"坐下,就坐,使坐下",是及物动词,后面须跟宾语或用被动语态。
又如:他们发现那位老人坐在书桌边。
误:They found the old man seating at a desk.
正:They found the old man seated at a desk.
正:They found the old man was seated at a desk.
正:They found the old man seating himself at a desk.
正:They found the old man sitting at a desk.
注:除了"seat"有此用法外,即一般只作及物动词,中学课本里还有很多，如:devote(致力于,献身,奉献),raise(抬起,举起,提高,饲养)等等。
如:他们献身于航天事业。
误:They devoted to the spaceflight cause.
正:They devoted themselves to the spaceflight cause.
正:They were devoted to the spaceflight cause.
误区二:受思维定势的干扰。
如:中国在科学领域发生了翻天覆地的变化。
误:China has taken place great changes in the science field.
正:Great changes have taken place in the science field in China.
说明:误句中不知"take place"是不及物动词,只按思维习惯进行,所以出错。
又如:如今这样的事情能够被阻止发生。
误:Nowadays such things can be prevented from being happened.
正:Nowadays such things can be prevented from happening.
说明:"happen"为不及物动词,没有被动语态。
又如:他母亲病了三天了。
误:His mother has fallen ill for 3 days.
正:His mother has been ill for 3 days.
说明:误句中的"fall ill"是非延续性动词,不可接一段时间或表示延续状态。
又如:小偷被带进来了,双手被绑。
误:The thief was brought in,with his hands being tied.
正:The thief was brought in,with his hands tied.
说明:"tie"不能用进行时表达一个延续的状态。但可说:He is tying his shoes now.
又如:我的钥匙丢了。
误:My key is missed.
正:My key is missing.
说明:"miss"作动词没有丢失之意,意为"错过,想念"等,而"missing"在此作形容词"丢失的,不见的"。
又如:现在我想对你说实话。
误:I am wanting to tell you the truth now.
正:I want to tell you the truth now.
说明:"want, like, prefer"等属于人的情感动词,没有进行时、将来时、完成时。一般只用于现在时或过去时。
误区三:不理解句型结构。
如:我们一直盼望着的那一天终于来到了。
误:The day we had been looking forward to coming at last.
正:The day we had been looking forward to came at last.
说明:此句错误原因是对句型结构不理解,came为谓语动词。
又如:承认自己的错误并不可耻。
误:There is nothing to be ashamed in confessing one's errors.
正:There is nothing to be ashamed of in confessing one's errors.
说明:误句中不定式是nothing的定语,在意义上nothing又是不定式的宾语。因此需要用to be ashamed of短语。
比较:1) It's nothing to be proud of.这不值得骄傲。
2) Don't cry. There is nothing to worry about.别哭,这没有什么可担心的。
又如,我们已经把意见告诉他了。
误:We have informed him our opinions.
正:We have informed him of our opinions.
说明:表示"告诉某人某事",不能说inform somebody something,应说inform somebody of something,这是"inform"的句型要求。
比较:I have to inform you that I shall leave the city next Friday.我得告诉你我下星期得离开这个城市。
说明:inform somebody之后接that clause就不用"of",但必须先接somebody才能再接从句,否则省略了somebody则为误句。
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