2013高考英语（遵义市）阅读理解（1）（答案）
文化教育类--[2012·福建卷]
Holidays are really important.Many of us will have childhood memories of summer holidays where we were taken away from home to experience new environments and learn in different ways.
But holidays are expensive and，for those on low wages or living on benefits, they are often unobtainable. Even the cheapest holidays require travel and other additional costs that are difficult for many families to meet.
For working parents，the long summer break can be a very difficult problem for childcare. When an annual leave allowance amounts to only five weeks，there is a need to spread this across the year.Couples can find themselves taking leave in turn in order to care for children who are on holi-day. For some，this makes even an affordable family holiday difficult.
The schools that I visit in Nottingham are full of experienced staff committed to giving our children a caring and inspiring learning environment.The number of children receiving free school meals is quite large in Nottingham and many schools have breakfast clubs to make sure that children get a healthy start to the day. Most schools undertake programs of group or individual educational support. Schools also have an important role in safeguarding children's welfare through the ongoing touch and support with their pupils. During the long summer holidays，much of this is missed.
While teachers are holidaying in the UK，many of their pupils spend the whole six weeks on the street where they live. The lack of free school meals for six weeks can result in pressure on a family budget and an inability to afford the inspiring experiences that help children to continue their learning.
In setting out its plans for a five-term year，Nottingham City Council(委员会)is seeking to reduce the summer holiday down to four and a half weeks, with a more balanced five terms of roughly eight weeks, each followed by a two-week break.We believe this will give real “down time” for school staff and pupils alike but will be short enough not to cause a real break in learning.
We acknowledge that this change may be difficult for some school staff，particularly whose own children are educated in other authorities. However, this must be weighed against the benefits for city children for whom we all have the greatest duty of care.
71．The passage is probably written by ________.
A. an experienced teacher B．a working parent
C．an inspired student D．a city council member
72．The underlined word “they” in the second paragraph refers to “________”．
A．environments B．holidays
C．wages D．benefits
73．It is suggested in the passage that the summer break be reduced to ________.
A．2 weeks B．4.5 weeks
C．5 weeks D．6 weeks
74．The plans for a shorter summer holiday will help students ________.
A．obtain the cheapest holidays without additional costs
B．get a chance to spend six weeks a term with teachers in school
C．benefit more from the caring and inspiring learning environment
D．have more school days to receive free school meals
75．It can be inferred from the passage that ________.
A．working parents can enjoy a five-week break to care for their children
B．the suggested plans for a five-term school year can hardly be carried out
C．the long summer holiday gives teachers and students real “down time”
D．some school staff will say “No” to the plans for a shorter summer holiday
【要点综述】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了英国诺丁汉城市委员会把学生假期缩短至4.5周的计划。
71. D 推理判断题。从文章倒数第二段“Nottingham City Council is seeking to reduce the summer holiday down to four and a half weeks”和最后一段“We acknowledge that this change may be difficult for some school staff”可知答案。
72. B 代词指代题。根据第二段，度假是昂贵的，并且对于那些低工资和靠救济为生的人，度假是不可能的。
73. B 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第一句可知答案。
74. C 推理判断题。根据第四段第一句话“The schools that I visit in Nottingham are full of experienced staff committed to giving our children a caring and inspiring learning environment.”可知如果假期缩短，学生就可以更多地享受学校提供的照顾和鼓舞人心的学习环境。
75. D 推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句话“We acknowledge that this change may be difficult for some school staff”可推知一些学校员工会反对这个计划。
********************************************************结束
（一）
Elizabeth Blackwell was born on February 3, 1821 in Bristol, England. Her father was a rich sugar businessman at the time. Because her parents thought boys and girls should be equal, Elizabeth received the same education as her brothers.
In 1832, her father’s business was destroyed by fire, so her family moved to New York City. But her father’s business there failed. Then in 1837, the family moved to Cincinnati, Ohio. Not long after, her father died. After her father’s death, Elizabeth, at the age of 16, had to go to work.
When she was 24, she visited her dying friend Mary. Her friend said, “You’re young and strong, you should become a doctor.” That was nearly impossible for a woman in the middle of the nineteenth century. But she knew this was what she was going to do.
After several rejections from medical schools, she finally was accepted by Geneva Medical College. By studying hard, she graduated successfully in 1849.
After graduating from medical school, she went to Paris to learn more about medicine. She wanted to be a surgeon, but a serious eye problem forced her to give up the idea.
When she returned to America in 1851, she found it difficult to start her own practice because she was a woman. In 1857, Elizabeth and her sister, also a doctor, along with another woman doctor, managed to open a new hospital, the first for women and children. Besides, she also set up the first medical school for women in 1868, where she taught the women students about disease prevention. It was the first time that the idea of preventing disease was taught in a medical school.
Elizabeth Blackwell started the British National Health Society in 1871, which helped people learn how to stay healthy. In 1889, Elizabeth Blackwell became the first woman doctor in the United States. Most importantly she fought for the admission of women to medical colleges.
Elizabeth Blackwell died on May 3, 1910, when she was 89.She opened a world of chances for women. She always fought for what was right in all her life. In 1949 the Blackwell medal was established. It’s given to women who have excellent achievements in the field of medicine. She’ll always be remembered as a great woman.
( )6.According to the passage, Elizabeth Blackwell ________.
A．received bad education in her childhood B．spent a happy and lucky childhood
C．moved to America with her family at eleven
D．decided to be a doctor due to her father’s death
( )7.Elizabeth Blackwell could not become a surgeon because ________.
A．she was a woman B．she had a serious eye problem
C．she went to Paris for further education D．she didn’t go to medical school
( )8.Elizabeth Blackwell opened her first hospital for woman and children ________.
A．eighteen years after her father died
B．seven years after returning to America from Paris
C．ten years before setting up her first medical school
D．eight years after graduating from medical school
( )9.Elizabeth Blackwell spent most of her life in ________.
A．the U．S. B．Paris C．England D．Geneva
( )10.Which of the following is not TRUE about Elizabeth Blackwell?
A．She built the first hospital for women and children with others.
B．She became the first woman doctor in the U．S.
C．She set up the first medical school for women in the world.
D．She built a medal for women with excellent achievements in medicine.
(一)
本文讲述了美国伟大女性伊丽莎白?布莱克韦尔不平凡的一生。
6．C 细节理解题。Elizabeth Blackwell生于1821年， 根据第二段In 1832, her father’s business was destroyed by fire, so her family moved to New York City可知，她11岁的时候随家人搬迁到美国，故选C。
7．B 细节理解题。根据第五段She wanted to be a surgeon, but a serious eye problem forced her to give up the idea.可判断选B。
8．D 推理判断题。Elizabeth Blackwell从医学院于1849年毕业，1857年建立第一家妇女儿童医院，时隔8年，故选D。
9．A 细节理解题。由全文可知，Elizabeth Blackwell生于英国，但11岁就随家人搬迁到美国，随后基本上在美国生活，故选A。
10．D 细节理解题。根据最后一段In 1949 the Blackwell medal was established. It’s given to women who have excellent achievements in the field of medicine.可知，布莱克韦尔奖是在Elizabeth Blackwell去世39年后才设立的，故D项不符合文意，故选D。
*************************************************************结束
【点此下载】