2013高考英语考前50天（阅读理解）训练秘笈（1）及答案
A
Cellphones: is there a cancer link?
Could your cellphone give you cancer? Whether it could or not, some people are worrying about the possibility that phones, power lines and wi-fi could be responsible for a range of illnesses, from rashes to brain tumors.
Some say there is evidence to support the growing anxieties. David Carpenter, a professor of environmental health sciences at the university at Albany, in New York, thinks there’s a greater than 95 percent chance that power lines can cause childhood leukemia(白血病). Also there’s a greater than 90 percent chance that cellphones can cause brain tumors. “It’s apparent now that there’s a real risk, ” said Carpenter.
But others believe these concerns are unjustified. Dr Martha Linet, the head of radiation epidemiology(流行病学) at the US National Cancer Institute, has looked at the same research as Carpenter but has reached a different conclusion. “I don’t support warning labels for cellphones, ” said Linet. “We don’t have the evidence that there’s much danger. ”
Studies so far suggest a weak connection between EMFs(电磁场) and illness— so weak that it might not exist at all. A multinational investigation of cellphones and brain cancer, in 13 countries outside the US, has been underway for several years. It’s funded in part by the European Union, in part by a cellphone industry group. The final report should come out later this year, but data so far don’t suggest a strong link between cellphone use and cancer risk.
44. From the passage we can learn that some people are worried because _______.
A. they have evidence that the use of cellphones can lead to cancer
B. they make a fuss over cellphone use
C. some experts have given a warning
D. cellphones are responsible for brain tumors
45. By saying “I don’t support warning labels for cellphones, ” Dr Martha Linet has the idea that _______.
A. the worrying is unnecessary
B. cancer-warning labels should be on cellphones
C. there is a link between cellphones and cancer
D. cellphones have nothing to do with cancer
46. Which of the following best describes the attitude of the author towards the debate?
A. Optimistic. B. Objective.
C. Opposite. D. Casual.
【文章大意】手机和癌症是否存在着必然的联系？有人说有证据支持人们不断增长的焦虑，而其他人认为这种担心并没有被证明其正确性。然而目前的研究表明这两者之间仅有非常微弱的联系，这种联系微弱得甚至可以认为是不存在的。
44.【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据文章第二段中Carpenter 教授提到的所谓手机危险，而在第三段里Martha Linet提到I don’t support warning labels for cellphones可知，人们对手机安全性的担心只是因为某些专家这样说，人们就认为如此。
45.【解析】选A。推理判断题。从第三段中的We don’t have the evidence that there’s much danger可以看出Martha Linet博士并不支持手机危险性的说法，他认为人们对手机与癌症有关的担心是多余的。
46.【解析】选B。推理判断题。本文作者旨在向读者陈述人们对手机和癌症联系的一些不同的观点，并没有加入自己的观点或意见，故选objective(客观的)，符合文章的整体风格。
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Decision-making under Stress
A new review based on a research shows that acute stress affects the way the brain considers the advantages and disadvantages, causing it to focus on pleasure and ignore the possible negative (负面的) consequences of a decision.
The research suggests that stress may change the way people make choices in predictable ways.
“Stress affects how people learn,” says Professor Mara Mather. “People learn better about positive than negative outcomes under stress.”
For example, two recent studies looked at how people learned to connect images(影像) with either rewards or punishments. In one experiment, some of the participants were first stressed by having to give a speech and do difficult math problems in front of an audience; in the other, some were stressed by having to keep their hands in ice water. In both cases, the stressed participants remembered the rewarded material more accurately and the punished material less accurately than those who hadn’t gone through the stress.
This phenomenon is likely not surprising to anyone who has tried to resist eating cookies or smoking a cigarette while under stress –at those moments, only the pleasure associated with such activities comes to mind. But the findings further suggest that stress may bring about a double effect. Not only are rewarding experiences remembered better, but negative consequences are also easily recalled.
The research also found that stress appears to affect decision-making differently in men and women. While both men and women tend to focus on rewards and less on consequences under stress, their responses to risk turn out to be different.
Men who had been stressed by the cold-water task tended to take more risks in the experiment while women responded in the opposite way. In stressful situations in which risk-taking can pay off big, men may tend to do better, when caution weighs more, however, women will win.
This tendency to slow down and become more cautious when decisions are risky might also help explain why women are less likely to become addicted than men: they may more often avoid making the risky choices that eventually harden into addiction.
64. We can learn from the passage that people under pressure tend to ______.
A. keep rewards better in their memory
B. recall consequences more effortlessly
C. make risky decisions more frequently
D. learn a subject more effectively
65. According to the research, stress affects people most probably in their ______.
A. ways of making choices B. preference for pleasure
C. tolerance of punishments D. responses to suggestions
66.The research has proved that in a stressful situation, ______.
A. women find it easier to fall into certain habits
B. men have a greater tendency to slow down
C. women focus more on outcomes
D. men are more likely to take risks
【答案及解析】
64.A 第一段中，acute stress affects the way the brain considers the advantages and disadvantages, causing it to focus on pleasure and ignore the possible negative consequences of a decision,可知压力下的人们经常会keep rewards better in their memory.
65.A 第二段中，The research suggests that stress may change the way people make choices in predictable ways.
66.D 第七段中，Men who had been stressed by the cold-water task tended to take more risks in the experiment while women responded in the opposite way.可以看出是男性在压力下更容易冒险。
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B
Who is your role model? Normally the answer to this question would be anyone around you who you find truly inspiring. It could also be someone like J. K. Rowling or Martin Luther King. Jr. , who have proven to be strong and intelligent people.
However, in today’s world, stars are regarded as role models along with the heroes listed above, despite their intentions or actions. Teens attempt to imitate their actions for two major reasons. Firstly, to be fashionable and accepted by popular culture, and secondly because stars’ actions are so well documented by the media that it seems to grab our attention and turns it to following stars’ lives. Much of the reports about stars is shocking and exhibits bad morals or lifestyles that aren’t right for teenagers. In addition, almost everything stars do is described beyond truth to make a shocking story by taking it to the next level.
However, teens must take responsibility for their actions. We can’t always blame stars for influencing us. Only you have control over yourself and only you choose to do something. Our bodies and actions are in the hands of no one else.
Now, who ever said stars are role models? Whether they choose to be or not, stars set examples as soon as they step into the spotlight. With reporters following and recording every move they make, it is impossible not to be watched and then be imitated. These people influence teens whether or not they want to. Why should someone who doesn’t want to be setting an example set one? So，should we look up to them or to people who are true and good role models? It’s our responsibility as teens to know right from wrong, and it’s time for us to take responsibility for our actions. In doing so，we will lean toward those inspiring people that want to be setting an example, and follow in their steps to be like them.
47. According to the first paragraph, _______ can usually be role models.
A. political leaders
B. wealthy writers
C. people inspiring others
D. people with great intelligence
48. What are the major reasons for the teens to imitate stars?
A. Interest in stars’ life and expectation of getting rich.
B. Motivation for being fashionable and inspiration from popular examples.
C. Intentions to gain acceptance and encouragement from stars’ lifestyle.
D. Desires to be stylish and great influence from the mass media.
49. The author writes the passage mainly to advise the teenagers to _______.
A. have a control over their own bodies and actions
B. be responsible for their own choices and behaviors
C. follow fashionable stars’ steps to be more popular
D. choose right role models according to different reports
50. It can be inferred from the passage that _______.
A. stars have the responsibility for teenagers’ actions
B. not all famous stars choose to influence teenagers
C. teenagers choose those inspiring people as their role models
D. stars set examples immediately they stepped into the spotlight
【文章大意】每个孩子都有学习的榜样，然而在今天的世界里，由于媒体的作用，孩子心中的榜样不再是昔日的英雄，而明星则成了孩子们仿效的对象。然而媒体对于明星的不好的所作所为的报道却对青少年有着不良的影响。因此青少年必须辨清是非，对自己的行为负起真正的责任。
47.【解析】选C。细节理解题。从第一段中Normally the answer to this question would be anyone around you who you find truly inspiring. 通常所指的榜样是任何你身边可以鼓舞人心的人。故选C。
48.【解析】选D。细节理解题。由文章第二段中Firstly, to be fashionable and accepted by popular culture, and secondly because stars’ actions are so well documented by the media that it seems to grab our attention and turns it to following stars’ lives. 可知，青少年模仿明星的原因有两个方面，一是要时尚，其次媒体各种过度的报道也使青少年把他们的注意力转向模仿明星们的生活方式。
49.【解析】选B。主旨大意题。文章一开始提出榜样的问题，接下来第二段分析青少年模仿和崇拜明星的原因，然而以上这些都是为下文建议青少年要为自己的行为和选择负责这一观点作铺垫。故B项正确。
50.【解析】选B。推理判断题。从文章Whether they choose to be or not, stars set examples as soon as they step into the spotlight. 可知，并不是所有的明星都愿意去影响青少年，然而一走到聚光灯下他们就会受到人们的关注。故B项正确。
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