B7 时态和语态
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①(2012·福建卷)—When did the computer crash?
—This morning, while I ________the reading materials downloaded from some websites.
A．have sorted B．was sorting C．am sorting D．had sorted
答案 B [句意：——电脑什么时候死机了？——今天早了，当我正将从网站上下载的阅读材料进行分类的时候。本题考查过去进行时的用法。根据时间状语从句的连词while可知，电脑死机发生于“正在分类”的时候，需用进行时态，所以排除A和D；从题干第一句的时态和第二句中的时间状语this morning，可知需用过去时，所以排除C项。综上所述，答案为B项。]
②(2011·湖南卷)—Joan, what ________in your hand?
—Look! It's a birthday gift for my grandma.
A．had you held B．are you holding
C．do you hold D．will you hold
答案 B [句意：“琼，你手里拿着什么东西？”“看，是给我(外)祖母的生日礼物”。由句意及答语中的“Look！”可知此处表示动作正在进行。]
③(2011·浙江卷)The manager was worried about the press conference his assistant ________in his place，but luckily, everything was going on smoothly.
A．gave B．gives C．was giving D．had given
答案 C [句意：助理正在替经理举行新闻发布会，这使得经理很担心，但幸运的是，一切进展顺利。根据题干中的was worried及was going可知设空处表示过去正在进行的情况，故答案为C项。]
④(2011·新课标全国卷)When Alice came to, she did not know how long she ________there.
A．had been lying B．has been lying
C．was lying D．has lain
答案 A [句意：当爱丽丝苏醒过来的时候，她不知道自己已在那儿躺了多久。本题考查时态。由题意可知，“她躺在那儿”发生在came to和did not know之前且表示动作的延续，应用过去完成进行时，故答案为A项。]
⑤(2010·福建卷)—Guess what, we've got our visas for a short-term visit to the UK this summer.
—How nice! You ________a different culture then.
A．will be experiencing B．have experienced
C．have been experiencing D．will have experienced
答案 A [句意：——你猜怎么着，我们获得了今年夏季去英国进行短期访问的签证。——太棒了！到时候，你将会体验到不同的文化。本题考查动词的时态。由句意可知此处应该用将来时，而then表示将来的某个时间点，故用将来进行时。],
⑥(2012·东北三校第一次联考)Traffic conditions in Beijing ________for decades. At first people only complained about jams during rush hours, but today every hour is rush hour.
A．is worsening B．have worsened
C．have been worsening D．worsened
答案 C [句意：北京的交通条件很差已经几十年了。开始人们只是在交通高峰期拥堵时抱怨，但是现在人们时时都在抱怨，因为每时每刻是交通高峰期。根据句意可知应用现在完成进行时。故选C。
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