2013高考英语二轮阅读理解（四月）训练（1）及答案
A
Even plants can run a fever, especially when they’re under attack by insects or disease. But unlike humans, plants can have their temperature taken from 3,000 feet away—straight up. A decade ago, adapting the infrared (红外线) scanning technology developed for military purposes and other satellites, physicist Stephen Paley came up with a quick way to take the temperature of crops to determine which ones are under stress. The goal was to let farmers precisely target pesticide (杀虫剂) spraying rather than rain poison on a whole field, which invariably includes plants that don’t have pest problems.
Even better, Paley's Remote Scanning Services Company could detect crop problems be- fore they became visible to the eye. Mounted on a plane flown at 3,000 feet at night, an infrared scanner measured the heat emitted by crops. The data were transformed into a color-coded map showing where plants were running “fevers”. Farmers could then spot-spray, using 50 to 70 percent less pesticide than they otherwise would.
The bad news is that Paley's company closed down in l984, after only three years. Farmers resisted the new technology and long-term backers were hard to find. But with the renewed concern about pesticides on produce, and refinements in infrared scanning, Paley hopes to get back into operation. Agriculture experts have no doubt the technology works. "This technique can be used on 75 percent of agricultural land in the United States", says George Oerther of Texas A & M. Ray Jackson, who recently retired from the Department of Agriculture, thinks remote infrared crop scanning could be adopted by the end of the decade. But only if Paley finds the financial backing which he failed to obtain 10 years ago.
41. Plants will emit an increased amount of heat when they are ________.
A. sprayed with pesticides B. facing an infrared scanner
C. in poor physical condition D. exposed to excessive sun rays
42. In order to apply pesticide spraying precisely, we can use infrared scanning to .
A. estimate the damage to the crops B. draw a color-coded map
C. measure the size of the affected area D. locate the problem area
43. Farmers can save a considerable amount of pesticide by .
A. resorting to spot-spraying B. consulting infrared scanning experts
C. transforming poisoned rain D. detecting crop problems at an early date
44. The application of infrared scanning technology to agriculture met with some difficulties due to
A. the lack of official support B. its high cost
C. the lack of financial support D. its failure to help increase production
44. Infrared scanning technology may be brought back into operation because of .
A. the desire of farmers to improve the quality of their produce
B. growing concern about the excessive use of pesticides on crops
C. the forceful promotion by the Department of Agriculture
D. full support from agricultural experts
参考答案 41-45 C D AC B
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D
Canadian scientists have found that the more emotional or mental challenges a person faces in a day, the less determined they become to work out physically.
However, the findings should not stop us from keeping fit. Experts believe that willpower (意志力)is like a muscle, and needs to be exercised to help one avoid the temptation (诱惑)spending a night on the couch instead.
Kathleen Martin --Ginis, a professor of kinesiology---the science of movement 一 who led the study, says everyone has a limited amount of willpower, and that it will be reduced by stress. Miss Martin --Ginis, of Canada' s McMaster University, explains, "Cognitive (认知的)tasks, as well as tasks such as regulating (调整)one' s emotions, can reduce one' s capacity to force oneself to exercise."
Her team of scientists performed a so-- called " Stroop" test on volunteers to reach their conclusions. The experiment involved showing participants words associated with colors but printed in different colors, for example, the word " blue " written in red ink . Participants were divided into two groups. One group was asked to name the color of the ink, instead to say the printed word, while the other wasn't Martin ― Ginis says," After we used this cognitive task to use up their self--regulatory capacity, the participants didn't exercise as hard as those who had not performed the task.The more people concentrated on the cognitive task, the more likely they were to skip exercise sessions (活动时间)over the next eight weeks. You only have so much willpower .
However, there are ways to strengthen willpower. The study found the listening to music before going to the gym can help, as well as making a commitment to work out with friends. It also concluded that willpower can be stretched by constantly taking, or forcing oneself to study an extra hour each night.
Martin - Ginis adds, "There are strategies people can use to help revitalize (使恢复活动) themselves after they’ve used up their self-regulation. Willpower is like a muscle: it needs to be used to stay strong.
13.According to the experts, human willpower ____________. .
A. can be exercised through muscle movement
B. can regulate itself to resist temptations
C. is weakened by stressful cognitive or emotional tasks
D. is reduced by lack of physical exercise.
14.We learn from Paragraph 4 that the experiment__________..
A. made use of the Stroop test
B. asked one group of participants to name the words
C. required researchers to write the word "blue" in red ink to make it easily recognizable.
D. showed that those who hadn't performed the task were smarter than those who had
15.Which of the following is in agreement with Miss Martin ― Ginis' idea?
A. Human's willpower is limited to a certain level
B. The cognitive tasks could make people ignore exercise
C. Challenging tasks could make people ignore exercise
D. Exercise is an important way to strengthen one's willpower.
16.What can we infer from the passage?
A. Willpower can be challenged to become powerful.
B. McMaster University is famous for its kinesiology.
C. Effective ways to resist temptations have been found.
D. the study has an impact on the science of movement.
参考答案 13-16 CAAA
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B
In bringing up children, every parent watches eagerly the child's acquisition of each new skill—the first spoken words, the first independent steps, or the beginning of reading and writing. It is often tempting to hurry the child beyond his natural learning rate, but this can set up dangerous feelings of failure and states of worry in the child. This might happen at any stage. A baby might be forced to use a toilet too early, a young child might be encouraged to learn to read before he knows the meaning of the words he reads. On the other hand, though, if a child is left alone too much, or without any learning opportunities, he loses his natural enthusiasm for life and his desire to find out new things for himself.
Parents vary greatly in their degree of strictness towards their children. Some may be especially strict in money matters, others are severe over times of coming home at night or punctuality for meals. In general, the controls imposed represent the needs of the parents and the values of the community as much as the child's own happiness.
As regards the development of moral standards in the growing child, consistency is very important in parental teaching. To forbid a thing one day and excuse it the next is no foundation for morality (道德). Also, parents should realize that “example is better than precept”. If they are not sincere and do not practice what they preach (说教),their children may grow confused and emotionally insecure when they grow old enough to think for themselves, and realize they have been to some extent fooled.
A sudden awareness of a marked difference between their parents' principles and their morals can be a dangerous disappointment.
46. Eagerly watching the child's acquisition of new skills .
A. should be avoided
B. is universal among parents
C. sets up dangerous states of worry in the child
D. will make him lose interest in learning new things
47. In the process of children's learning new skills parents .
A. should encourage them to read before they know the meaning of the words they read
B. should not expect too much of them
C. should achieve a balance between pushing them too hard and leaving them on their own
D. should create as many learning opportunities as possible
48. The second paragraph mainly tells us that .
A. parents should be strict with their children
B. parental controls reflect only the needs of the parents and the values of the community
C. parental restrictions vary, and are not always enforced for the benefit of the children alone
D. parents vary in their strictness towards their children according to the situation.
49. The underlined word“precept” in Para.3 probably means“ ”
A. idea B. punishment C. behaviour D. instruction
50. In moral matters, parents should .
A. observe the rules themselves
B. be aware of the marked difference between adults and children
C. forbid things which have no foundation in morality
D. consistently ensure the security of their children
参考答案 46-50 B CC D A
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C
A good modern newspaper is an extraordinary piece of reading. It is remarkable first for what it contains: the range of news from local crime to international politics, from sports to business to fashion to science, and the range of comment and special features (特写) as well, from editorial page to feature articles and interviews to criticism of books, art ,theatre, and music. A newspaper is even more remarkable for the way one reads it: never completely, never straight through, but always by jumping from here to there, in and out, glancing at one piece, reading another article all the way through, reading just a few paragraphs of the next. A good modern newspaper offers a variety to attract many different readers, but far more than any one reader is interested in. What brings this variety together in one place is its topicality (时事性),its immediate relation to what is happening in your world and your locality now. But immediacy and the speed of production that goes with it mean also that much of what appears in a newspaper has no more than transient (短暂的) value. For all these reasons, no two people really read the same paper: what each person does is to put together, out of the pages of that day's paper, his own selection and sequence, his own newspaper. For all these reasons, reading newspapers efficiently, which means getting what you want from them without missing things you need but without wasting time, demands skill and self-awareness as you modify and apply the techniques of reading.
51. A modern newspaper is remarkable for all the following except its .
A. wide coverage B. uniform style
C. speed in reporting news D. popularity
52. According to the passage, the reason why no two people really read the“same”newspaper is that .
A. people scan for the news they are interested in
B. different people prefer different newspapers
C. people are rarely interested in the same kind of news
D. people have different views about what a good newspaper is
53. It can be concluded from the passage that newspaper readers .
A. apply reading techniques skillfully
B. jump from one newspaper to another
C. appreciate the variety of a newspaper
D. usually read a newspaper selectively
54. A good newspaper offers“a variety”to readers because .
A. it tries to serve different readers
B. it has to cover things that happen in a certain locality
C. readers are difficult to please
D. readers like to read different newspaper.
55. The best title for this passage would be“ ”
A. The importance of Newspaper Topicality
B. The Characteristics of a Good Newspaper
C. The Variety of a Good Newspaper
D. Some Suggestions on How to Read a Newspaper
参考答案 51-55 B A D A B
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